48 LANDSCAPE GAEDENING 



as lines is determined upon (Fig. 10). Of course 

 this is all done in rough preliminary sketches, only 

 sufficiently accurate to convey the idea. 



This does not mean that there should be a care- 

 less and unstudied use of line in informal de- 

 sign. On the contrary, it is often more difficult 

 to design satisfactory lines of this type. Free- 

 dom in appearance is not always the result of 

 spontaneity. 



r Briefly, the major differences may be thus ) 

 summed up: in the informal school line is deter- 

 mined by the mass, and in the formal school it is 

 the mass which is determined by the line. 



The Japanese school of landscape is often dif- 

 ferentiated from the formal and informal types. 

 It will be found, nevertheless, upon analysis, to 

 be merely a strictly informal type used upon such 

 a small scale as to give the appearance of formal- 

 ity. It is a design of irregularity, but very highly 

 conventionalized (Fig. 11). 



The popular opinion of a Japanese garden 

 seems to imply the presence of a stone lantern or 

 two, a few irises, a straggly wisteria, and enough 

 water to " explain" the presence of an unstable 

 bridge; also the idea seems to prevail that these 

 need not be at all in harmony with their surround- 



