PLANTING 123 



of course, to the walled-in gardens, which are ex- 

 ceptions to mass planting. But in the gardens of 

 Italy, where the total area is often as large as a 

 country estate, trees are frequently used as if they 

 were shrubs, on account of the enormous scale of 

 the garden, regardless of the surrounding land- 

 scape. 



Plants are grouped as annuals, those that die 

 every year; biennials, those that generally flower 

 the second year and then die out; and peren- 

 nials, lasting many years; greenhouse plants, 

 which must be grown under glass ; bedding plants, 

 which are started in the greenhouse; trees and 

 shrubs which are classified as hardy woody plants. 



Planting material should always be chosen with 

 the idea in mind of fitness for the function which 

 it is to perform, and the location in which it is to 

 appear. This has much to do with soil and cli- 

 mate, which determine the scope of available ma- 

 terial. } The satisfactory relation of plant design 

 to its location may be loosely termed " style in 

 planting." The material should be selected care- 

 fully, so that it will seem to harmonize with its set- 

 ting, whether this is architectural or naturalistic. 



For instance, in a colonial garden such as occurs 

 at Mount Vernon, or in the modern estates built 



