GARDEN DESIGN 235 



Under this head will fall the gardens that have 

 been made to utilize space which has been left 

 available for one reason or another, but which was 

 not primarily intended to be used as a garden. 

 Thence can be traced the development of the 

 formal garden. 



In the castles of feudal times considerable space 

 was left between the building and the fortified 

 walls, and in some cases a court was used to give 

 light and air, and to accommodate the peasantry 

 and their flocks and herds in times of siege. The 

 space was left primarily for that purpose, but was 

 later utilized for fruit or pleasure gardens, and 

 was the beginning of the English pleasance. The 

 esthetic aspect was of entirely secondary impor- 

 tance and was of later development, having been 

 added merely to give interest to what might other- 

 wise have 'been unsightly. Whenever vegetables 

 were grown the space was doubly useful. As 

 these gardens, then, were the forerunners of the 

 English pleasance, or pleasure garden, the devel- 

 opment has been away from the utilitarian and to- 

 ward the esthetic. Inclosed gardens are known 

 as the " court" type, and are now found in our 

 modern apartment houses and hotels. 



Entrance courts are primarily utilitarian, 



