264 LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



wealthy class in England, and gradually spread, 

 so that even at the present time it is common to see 

 trees clipped in various forms in the gardens of the 

 smaller homes. 



Topiary work may be divided into three types 

 of planting : the parterre type, in which the plant- 

 ing is to be seen from one point; the formal type 

 of planting, in which, though the plants are seen 

 in elevation, they are used to bring out some par- 

 ticular feature in the design; and finally the type 

 in .which trees of different shapes and sizes are em- 

 ployed much the same as in gardenesque planting, 

 where plant material is grouped and dotted about 

 without regard to its composition in mass. The 

 plants used for this work are those which are natu- 

 rally formal or peculiar in shape ; those which are 

 restrained by clipping; and plants which have 

 been made to grow dwarfed by clipping, budding, 

 or by binding the roots. 



Almost all garden design, then, can be analyzed 

 as falling more or less under one of the two great 

 divisions, the formal and the informal. The gar- 

 den is a personal sort of thing, really the most in- 

 timate part of any landscape scheme, and if it does 

 not reflect something of its owner, it falls short of 

 its possibilities. It may be as small as one of the 



