280 TIPULiDJE. 



and always with a clubbed tip in the male ; widened before the 

 end (which is pointed) in the female, with a normally shaped 

 horny ovipositor. Genitalia very distinct. Legs long, but less so, 

 comparatively, than in the other two subfamilies. Coxae broad, 

 moderately long ; tibiae spurred at the tip ; metatarsus very long, 

 claws small ; pulvilli distinct. Wings of moderate size, with 

 rounded tips and somewhat narrowed at the base. One marginal 

 and two submarginal cells ; four posterior cells. Auxiliary 

 vein long, ending in the costa ; 1st and 2nd longitudinal veins 

 also ending in the costa ; subcostal cross- vein near the tip of the 

 former, the 2nd longitudinal vein originating about the middle of 



Fig. 40. Early stages of Ptyclio-ptcra a, larva; b, pupa. 



the wing ; 3rd longitudinal originating soon after the beginning 

 of the 2nd, forked beyond its middle ; anterior cross- vein at or 

 near its base ; 4th longitudinal forked at or near posterior cross- 

 vein, which is nearly opposite the anterior cross-vein, and is short ; 

 the 6th longitudinal vein absent ; the 7th present, short, more or 

 less curved downwards. The wings are held divaricate in repose. 



Range. Europe, North America, and the Himalayas. 



Life-ldstory. The larva of Ptychoptera is whitish in colour, very 

 attenuated, of thirteen segments, including the head, with a long 



