298 TIPULIUJE. 



its length if the genitalia are small. In the female, rather more 

 flattened, generally a little broader, especially towards, but not 

 actually at, the tip. Genitalia of male nearly always large and 

 complex, of varied structure according to the species, consisting 

 usually of a moderate-sized dorsal plate, a large curved or V-shaped 

 ventral plate, and more or less developed side plates (often in- 

 visible, possibly absent) ; a pair of stoutly built conspicuous, two- 

 jointed claspers, the second joint taking the most varied forms ; 

 and inner organs of varying form according to the species, with a 

 long filamentous penis, generally concealed. In the female the 

 genital organs reduced to the normal pointed pair of horny 

 valves, the lower pair much shorter, set much further back at 

 the base and sometimes twisted round a little towards the side. 

 Legs very long and slender, especially the tarsi, which are generally 

 longer than the tibiae ; tibiae with small spurs at the tip ; claws 

 and pulvilli small. Wings elongate, of moderate width ; tip 

 narrowed, sometimes almost pointed ; anal angle generally but 

 not always narrowed. One marginal, two submarginal, and five 

 posterior cells. Auxiliary vein ending always some distance 

 beyond the middle of the wing ; the 1st longitudinal a little 

 longer, turning into the 2nd at its tip, the auxiliary turning 

 down into the 1st; costal cross-vein often placed at such an 

 angle as to make it appear like the continuation and end of the 

 1st vein ; the 2nd vein emerges in a gentle curve, sometimes some 

 little way before the middle of the wing, sometimes distinctly 

 beyond it, the anterior branch always oblique ; the 3rd vein issues 

 shortly before the middle of the 2nd vein, the distance between 

 its origin and the forking of the 2nd vein differing according to 

 the species. Sometimes there is no obvious basal section to the 

 3rd vein ; sometimes it is longer than the nearly upright anterior 

 cross-vein, with which it is usually in a line. Discal cell invariably 

 present, pentagonal, of moderate size; the 2nd posterior cell 

 always petiolate, the petiole varying in length with the species 

 but by no means constant in the same species. The posterior 

 cross-vein very oblique, nearly always at the fork of the lower 

 branch of the 4th vein, which forking occurs somewhere on the 

 hinder side of the discal cell ; occasionally the cross-vein occurs a 

 little before the furcation, in which case it allows of the ultimate 

 (5th) posterior cell coming into contact with the discal cell ; 

 except in these latter cases the contact of the 5th posterior ceh 1 

 with the discal is only punctiform. The 5th longitudinal vein 

 nearly straight or angled at the junction with the posterior cross- 

 vein ; t>th vein nearly straight, lying comparatively close to the 

 5th ; 7th rather short, nearly or quite straight. 

 Range. World-wide. 



A character greatly helping to distinguish this genus from 

 Pachyrhina is the furcation of the lower branch of the 4th 

 longitudinal vein. This occurs beyond the base of the discal cell, 

 the posterior cross-vein being situated at the fork. Thus, of the 



