358 TIPULIDJE. 



cells ; penultimate posterior cell nearly always 



pointed at the base. Antennae of 17, 16, or 



13 joints ................................ AxAtopiyi, p. 507. 



Subcostal cross- vein beyond the origin of the 



2nd longitudinal vein. Eyes bare .......... 6. 



6. Antennae of 16 joints. Five posterior cells, 



sometimes only four; posterior cross-vein 



often near middle of discal cell ; proboscis 



very short, generally transverse, terminal [p. 520. 



labella fleshy and thick ................... . Lixyopmziffi, 



Antennae of 6 to 10 joints ; often elongated or 



enormously prolonged. Antennae 6-jointed in 



male, 10-jointed in female; three, four, or 



five posterior cells ; discal cell open or closed ; 



subcostal cross-vein near tip of auxiliary vein, 



beyond the origin of the 2nd longitudinal [p. 529. 



Section CTLINDROTOMINI. 



Eyes bare, separated above by a rather broad frons, not con- 

 tiguous on the underside. Proboscis short. Palpi 4-jointed. 

 Antennae normally 16-jointed.* The male genitalia generally 

 of peculiar structure, considerably differentiated in the various 

 genera and species. Tibiae with apical spurs, empodia distinct. 

 Wings with one submarginal cell, four or five posterior cells, and 

 ' a discal cell ; the 1st longitudinal vein incurved at the tip towards 

 the 2nd vein, meeting it, instead of ending in the costa. t The 

 auxiliary vein ends abruptly, without turning into either the costa 

 or the 1st longitudinal vein. The marginal cross-vein, as such, is 

 absent, but there is present a supernumerary cross-vein joining 

 the costa to nearly the tip of the 1st longitudinal vein. J 



This section is intermediate between the subfamilies TIPULIN^E 

 and LIMNOBIINJS, but is considerably more akin to the latter. Its 

 affinities with the LIMNOBIIN^E are as follows : 



(1) In the palpi, which, although elongate, have not the whip- 

 lash nature of these organs in the TIPULIN^E. 



(2) In the absence of the peculiar fold in the wings, which in 

 most of the TIPULIN.E runs more or less across the wing trans- 

 versely, beginning in the region of the stigina, and which I have 

 termed the obliterative streak. 



(3) In the length of the inner marginal cell that is to say. 

 that portion of the marginal cell enclosed by the turned-down 

 1st longitudinal vein, which in most TIPULIIO; is much shorter. 



* Some European authors (Zetterstedt, Walker, etc.) speak of the antennae 

 as 17-jointed, which is incorrect; the error is due to the fact that in dried 

 specimens the prolongation of the 16th joint looks like an additional one. 



t There is at least one exception to this form of venation (Phalacrocera 

 replicata, L., of Europe), and others may occur. 



J This cross-rein I have proposed to call the costal cross-vein. 



This is according to Osten Sackeu ; but I have not found it so myself, 

 there being, judging from my own experience only, no difference between the 

 two groups in this respect. 



