CYLTNDROTOMA. 361 



The larva, according to Schiner, feeds on Stellaria nemorum, 

 Anemone nemorosa, and Allium ursinum. It is also found on 

 Viola. Zeller ('Isis,' 1842, p. 808) gives a good description 

 of the larva; whilst Schellenburg, who figures it ('Genres des 

 Mouches'), may also be consulted on the same subject, although 

 this author mistook the larva for that of a Pachyrhina. 



The larva of a European species of another genus (Phalacrocera 

 replicata, L.) lives upon aquatic plants growing beneath the surface 

 of the water. "It is very hardy, as it has been known whilst in 

 captivity to pass the winter in this state even though ice formed 

 on the top of the water. In May it pupates and floats or 

 descends below the surface at will by means of several pairs 

 of hooks by which it traverses the stems of plants. DeGeer 

 ('Insectes/ vi, p. 351, pi. xx) may be consulted on the subject. 



256. Cylindrotoma quadricellula, Bmn. (PL VII, figs. 1, 2.) 



Cylindrotoma quadricellula, Brunetti, Rec. Lid. Mus. vi. p. 268 

 (1911). 



3 . Head, viewed from above, oval ; blackish, bare above ; frons 

 short, much wider 'on vertex, where it is about one-fourth the 

 width of the head. Face below antenna a little lighter ; palpi 

 small, black. Scapal joints of antennae short, yellowish; the 

 fourteen joints of the flagellum dark brown, very elongate, 

 somewhat difficult to distinguish from one another, especially 

 towards the tip, each joint being corered with very long thin 

 verticillate hairs, quite irregularly arranged. The antenna is 

 as long as the whole body. Thorax reddish brown, closely 

 punctured round the edge of the dorsum, a little in front of 

 and between the three dorsal, almost concolorous stripes, the 

 configuration of which is distinct, although they show only a 

 slightly darker shade of colour ; a narrow band, a little lighter in 

 colour, just below the dorsum, is free of punctures, but the sides 

 of the thorax, below this band, the scutellum, and the metanotum 

 are all closely and conspicuously punctured. Abdomen linear, 

 narrow, dark red-brown, a little blackish here and there, prac- 

 tically bare ; belly similar. Genitalia blackish, rather small ; 

 a pair of slightly pubescent two-jointed claspers, with some 

 internal organs, protected by an upper and lower plate. Legs : 

 coxae brownish yellow, bare; remainder of legs similarly coloured, 

 gradually becoming darker towards the tips, the tarsi being 

 blackish. Wings grey. Auxiliary vein apparently turning down- 

 wards into the 1st longitudinal vein at some little distance beyond 

 the middle of the wing, and connected, just before its tip, by a 

 short cross-vein with the costa. The 1st vein turns distinctly into 

 the 2nd a little beyond the level of the anterior cross-vein, and 

 a little way before its tip it is connected with the costa by a 

 cross-vein, presumably the marginal cross-vein. The 2nd longi- 

 tudinal, which begins some distance before the middle of the wing, 

 gently arcuating, turns abruptly up (at the point where it meets 



