514 TIPULID.E. 



appendage, also a blunt fleshy lobe of moderate size; a pair of 

 interior small horny appendages are present. The ovipositor of 

 the female normal, moderately long, rather broad, consisting of a 

 nearly straight pair of valves. Legs moderately stout ; tibiae with 

 spurs, which are sometimes not very distinct ; empodia distinct, 

 ungues smooth. Wings moderately broad, tips rounded, in some 

 species slightly broader in the female ; with two submarginal 

 cells, five posterior cells, and the discal cell open or closed ; tip 

 of auxiliary vein at a long distance beyond the beginning of the 

 2nd longitudinal vein, and distinctly beyond the middle of the 

 wing ; subcostal cross-vein before the beginning of the 2nd vein, 

 which originates at or immediately before the middle of the wing ; 

 the 1st longitudinal vein ends about or before half-way between 

 the tip of the auxiliary and the tip of the wing, the marginal 

 cross-vein being at or very near this tip ; * the praefurca originates 

 either at an angle or in a gentle curve, and is as nearly as long as, 

 or in some species, distinctly shorter than, the upper branch of 

 the 2nd vein, the lower branch of which is parallel to the 3rd 

 vein. " The relations between the two branches of the 2nd vein, 

 the 3rd vein, and the anterior cross-vein, are very peculiar in this 

 genus, and deserve particular attention, The small cross-vein 

 (=anterior cross-vein) always connects the 4th longitudinal vein 

 with the 2nd vein or the posterior branch of chat vein ; never 

 with the 3rd vein, as is almost universally the case among the 

 Diptera ; in other words, the 3rd veiu in the genus Amalopis (at 

 least, in all the instances observed by me) always issues from the 

 2nd, beyond the small cross-vein" (Osten Sacken)."^ The 1st 

 submarginal cell is in some species longer, and in others shorter, 

 than the 2nd. The discal cell is present or absent ; when present 

 it is either four-sided, kite-shaped, pointed or nearly so at the 

 base, or else it is pentagonal ; but sometimes it is six-sided, 

 generally elongate ; the anterior cross-vein in a line with its 

 upper basal corner ; the posterior cross-vein placed at or just 

 beyond its base. When the discal cell is closed, the 2nd 

 posterior cell is usually petiolate, that is to say, the anterior 

 branch of the 4th longitudinal vein in such cases is forked, 

 generally near its tip. In some species + the 4th posterior cell 

 has its base in a line with the proximal side of the discal cell. 

 The 5th, 6th, 7th veins straight, or nearly so, the 5th slightly 

 curved at the junction with the posterior cross- vein. 



Range. Europe, North America and Australia, to which is now- 

 added India. 



* In Amalopis inconstans, Os. Sac., a North American species, it is placed 

 before the middle of the anterior brancli of the 2nd vein. 



t The position of the anterior cross-vein referred to above, is the same as 

 i n Ptychoptera and Bittacomorpha, in the subfamily PTYCHOPTERIN.E. 



J A. occulta, Mg., gmundensis, Egg., opaca, Egg., from Europe, and at least 

 one North American species, A. vernalis, Os. Sac. 



