364 



Genus CLINOCERA, Mg. 



Clinocera, Meigen, lllig. Mag. ii, p. 271 (1803). 

 Bydmdromia, Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt, ii, p. 658 (1835). 

 Paramesia, Macquart (nee Steph. 1829), loc. tit. p. 656 (1835). 



GENOTYPE, Clinocera nigra, Mg. 



Head usually broader than long, nearly or quite as long as 

 thorax ; epistome more or less elongated downwards ; eyes well 

 separated in both sexes, shortly and densely pubescent, facets of 

 uniform size. Proboscis very short and thick; palpi 1-jointed 

 or indistinctly 2-jointed, short, slightly clavate at tip. Antennae 

 inserted above middle of head, 3-jointecl ; 1st joint cup-shaped, 

 2nd subglobular, bristly, both short ; 3rd onion-shaped, about as 

 long as first two together, with a thick styliform pubescent arista 

 articulated to tip of 3rd joint by a microscopic joint. Thorat a 

 little longer than broad, rectangular, moderately arched. A 

 humeral (occasionally more than one), a post-humeral, one or two 

 notopleural, a supra-alar, and postalar bristles present ; scutelltim 

 with two long apical bristles, rarely more ; metapleura with some 

 hairs. Abdomen elongate, slender, the complex male genitalia 

 concealing the reduced 7th and 8th segments ; in female abdomen 

 more pointed. Leys long and slender, fore coxae not greatly 

 elongated ; front femora often thickened at base and with bristles 

 below ; legs shortly pubescent. Wings somewhat lengthened ; 

 auxiliary vein rather short but reaching margin ; 1st longitudinal 

 vein ending at about middle of wing ; 2nd vein sometimes wavy 

 in some species with a sudden loop downwards enclosing the 

 stigma; 3rd vein forked; discal cell present, varying in length, 

 discal end pointed or truncate ; lower branch of 5th vein strongly 

 recurrent, parallel with hind margin of wing ; anal cell with distal 

 end bluntly pointed or rounded ; anal vein abbreviated. Alula 

 absent ; alar squamula very small. 



llanye. Europe, Siberia, India, North America. 



Life-history unknown ; probably aquatic in larval state. 



This genus has a facies distinguishing it easily from other 

 EMPIDJE, and with some resemblance to some water-haunting 

 DoLicnopomD^. The elongate body and proportionately longer 

 legs, the pubescent eyes and rather long wings, the usually 

 greyish colour with lighter parts, and the not infrequently spotted 

 wings, give them a characteristic appearance. All are found in 

 the neighbourhood of water, running streams, or stagnant pools, 

 on the surface of which most species appear capable of running 

 with ease. 



The European species of Clinocera may be fairly satisfactorily 

 grouped into several subgeuera, mostly set up by Mik; but as 

 only two species are yet known from the Orient, of which at least 

 one (fluviatilis) comes in Clinocera, s. sir., these subdivisions may 

 be ignored here. 



