104 DOMESTICATED ANIMALS 



The immediate effect arising from the possession of beasts 

 of burden is greatly to enlarge the scope and educative value 

 of human labor. A primitive agriculture, sufficient to provide 

 for the needs of a people, can be carried on by man's labor 

 alone, though the resulting food-supply has generally to be 

 supplemented by the chase. Rarely, if ever, are the products 

 of the soil thus won sufficient in quantity to be made the basis 



Domesticated Buffaloes in Egypt 



of any commerce. Such conveyance as is necessary among 

 the people who are served by their own hands alone, has to 

 be accomplished by boat transportation or by the backs of 

 men. The immediate effect of using beasts for burden is the 

 ( introduction of some kind of plough, which spares the labor 

 of men in delving the ground, and the use of pack animals, 

 which, employed in the manner of caravans, greatly promotes 

 the extension of trade. A great range of secondary influ- 

 ences is found in the development of the arts of war, by which 

 people who have become provided with pack or saddle ani- 



