GYMNOSPERMS ON STANFORD GROUNDS ABRAMS 87 



4. Araucaria Cunninghamii Ait. 



Leaves awl-shaped, enlarged at base, y z inch long, spreading from all 

 sides of the branches, rigid ; cones ovate-globose, 3-4 inches long ; scales 

 wedge-shaped, ^ inch broad, terminated by an awl-shaped awn l /$ its length. 



A large tree, 100 to 150 feet high, with exfoliating bark. An Australian 

 species forming extensive forests in New South Wales and Queensland. One 

 tree is at the east end of Roble Garden and another is on the southwest 

 border of the Cactus Garden. 



Araucaria excelsa R. Br. The Norfolk Island Pine resembles A. Cun- 

 ninghamii, but the branches are in very symmetrical and rather distant whorls. 

 This species is not cultivated on the grounds, but is planted in gardens at 

 San Jose and San Francisco. 



Tribe 2. Abieteae. 



Leaves and floral parts spirally arranged; ovulate scales subtended by 

 bracts, becoming woody and forming a cone in fruit; ovules 2, adnate to 

 the upper surface of scale near the base, pendent ; seeds usually with a con- 

 spicuous membranous wing; cotyledones 3 or more. 

 Leaves in 1-5-leaved clusters, surrounded at base by membranous sheaths; 



cones maturing the second year. 1. Pinus. 



Leaves without basal sheaths, scattered or clustered on short, stubby branch- 

 lets ; cones maturing the first year. 

 Leaves clustered on short, stubby branchlets; cones erect. 



2. Cedrus. 



Leaves single, spirally arranged or appearing 2-ranked. 

 Cones pendent ; scales persistent. 



Branchlets rough with the persistent, woody leaf-bases ; bracts not 



exserted. 3. Picea. 



Branchlets smooth ; leaf -bases sessile ; bracts 3-parted, well exserted. 



4. Pseudotsuga. 

 Cones erect; scales deciduous; branchlets smooth. 



5. Abies. 

 1. Pinus. Pines. 



Trees or a few shrubs. Leaves evergreen, needle-shaped, in clusters of 

 2-5 (solitary in one species) from the axils of scale-like primary leaves, each 

 cluster surrounded at base by a persistent or deciduous sheath of membra- 

 nous scales; cones maturing the second year, their scales persistent, woody, 

 often thickened or awned with a prickle at apex. Seeds usually winged. 



The pines with approximately eighty living species constitute the largest 

 genus of the Gymnosperms. They are restricted to the northern hemisphere 

 and chiefly to the temperate regions. 



