64 MICHIGAN SURVEY, 1905. 



2. Beaver Meadow (Station VII. 2 and 3}. 



This meadow was along Little Carp river, about a quarter of a mile east 

 of Little Carp Lake. It was about a mile long and a quarter of a mile wide, 

 the Little Carp river running through the middle of it. The ground was 

 quite marshy in many places and was covered with grass, there being no 

 trees in the meadow. There were several willow and alder bushes at the 

 east end. The surrounding trees were alder, tamarack, arbor vitae, balsam 

 and birch. 



Observations were made on August 3, and the birds seen here were: 

 Kingfisher, Solitary Sandpiper, Cedar Waxwing, Red-eyed Vireo, Swamp 

 Sparrow, Song Sparrow, White-throated Sparrow, Marsh Hawk, Pine Siskin, 

 Hairy Woodpecker, Tree Swallow, White- winged Crossbill, Yellow-legs, 

 Least Sandpiper, Red-breasted Nuthatch. 



The Kingfisher, Solitary Sandpiper, Least Sandpiper, and Yellow-legs 

 were seen along Little Carp river. The Tree Swallow, Marsh Hawk and 

 Pine Siskin were seen flying overhead, and the Song Sparrow and Swamp 

 Sparrow were seen feeding in the grass, while the rest were seen in the trees 

 around the edge. The Crossbills were seen in tamarack trees at the 

 edge of the marsh. As it was August 3 when I was at the beaver meadow, 

 I cannot say which birds bred there and which were migrants. 



v. SUMMARY. 



On glancing over the list of birds found at the different stations, it will 

 be noticed that some birds were found at only one or in a few stations, while 

 others were found in nearly all of them. At some stations a certain species 

 of bird would be quite numerous, while another only a short distance away. 

 would contain none of these. From such facts we must conclude that some 

 birds are found only in certain situations which possess definite environ- 

 mental conditions. There were also a number of birds observed which were 

 too rare to determine what kind of localities they preferred ; still others were 

 only seen flying overhead. Regarding abundance, at one extreme were 

 the rare forms and at the other those found almost everywhere. The rare 

 birds were: Myrtle Warbler, Great Horned Owl, Black and White Warbler, 

 Indigo Bunting, Broad-winged Hawk, Humming Bird, Arctic Three-toed 

 Woodpecker, Connecticut Warbler, Blue-headed Vireo, Rose-breasted 

 Grosbeak, Scarlet Tanager, House Wren, King Bird, White-breasted Nut- 

 hatch and Phoebe. The birds only seen flying overhead were: Red-tailed 

 Hawk, Chimney Swift, Bald Eagle, Tree Swallow and Marsh Hawk. The 

 birds of general distribution were: Ruffed Grouse, Red-eyed Vireo, Black- 

 throated Green Warbler, Chickadee, Purple Finch, Black-throated Blue 

 Warbler, Sharp-shinned Hawk, Cedar Waxwing, Oven Bird and Wilson's 

 Thrush. 



In the case of birds with a restricted range, the limiting area was occasion-, 

 ally very sharply defined, while in other cases it was difficult to recognize 

 these limits. Examples of the former are the water and shore birds, 

 of the latter, the Golden-crowned Kinglet and Pine Siskin. The distribution 

 of the water and shore birds was the most sharply defined, and, as they 

 are the simplest to place, I will begin my summary with them. In con- 

 nection with these I will also mention other birds found in association with 

 the shores of the lakes and rivers. 



1. Water Birds. Of the water birds only a few species were observed. 

 The Herring Gull, Loon and American Merganser were found on Lake 



