66 MICHIGAN SURVEY, 1905. 



valley, and in the bushes around the edge of the clearings or in partially 

 cleared woodland. In the mornings and evenings it also appeared abundant 

 among the scattered trees at the base of the talus slope. It was never found 

 in dense woodland. 



The Black-billed Cuckoo was often seen among the alders, in the scattered 

 trees at the foot of the talus slope, and in the aspens surrounding the camp 

 clearing. These facts show that it was a bird of the open woodland. 



The Least Flycatcher was found in the alders and in a clearing in a hemlock 

 forest; the former a natural, and the latter an artifical clearing. It was also 

 seen in damp woodland south of Carp river, on the edge of a clearing. 



The Water Thrush was seen in two other localities, the damp woodland 

 south of Carp river, and along the road to Ontonagon near Lake Superior. 



4. Birds Frequenting Tamarack Swamps and Cedar Swamps. The lowlands 

 have all been dealt with, with the exception of the tamarack swamps and cedar 

 swamps. The former w r as not entirely true to its name, as about half of the trees 

 were cedar. The birds of these sw T amps deserving mention are as follows: 

 Magnolia Warbler, Canadian Warbler, Sparrow Hawk, and Olive-sided 

 Flycatcher, Red-breasted Nuthatch, Red Crossbill, White-winged Crossbill, 

 Winter Wren, White-throated Sparrow, Golden-crowned Kinglet and Pine 

 Siskin: 



The Magnolia Warbler was found only in the cedar and tamarack swamps 

 or along small streams where the arbor vitae grew. 



The Canadian Warbler was found near Lake Superior shore and near 

 Carp Lake and always in the more or less open woods. 



The Sparrow Hawk was seen in a clearing among the cedars, and had a 

 nest just south of the cliff in a limbless tree which stood above the tops of 

 the surrounding trees. It was also often seen on the top of the cliff and 

 around the camp clearing. 



The Olive-sided Flycatcher was found in the tamarack sw T amp in Carp 

 river valley and in a hemlock clearing near Lake Superior. If was always 

 seen on the top of a dead tree, usually on the highest perch in the neighbor- 

 hood. 



The Red-breasted Nuthatch was seen in the tamarack swamp, and among 

 the pines at the top of the mountain. It can, therefore, be classed with 

 the birds characteristic of the coniferous forests. 



The Red, and White- winged Crossbills were numerous in the tamarack 

 swamps, the White-winged Crossbill being seen only in such places. The 

 Red Crossbill came to the camp clearing several times. The cause for their 

 occurrence in the tamaracks is that these are the only conifers whose seeds 

 could be obtained for food. 



The Golden-crowned Kinglets and Pine Siskins were very abundant 

 among the coniferous trees, and were seldom seen where these were lacking. 

 The Pine Siskin occasionally came to the oamp clearing. 



The Winter Wren and White-throated Sparrow were found in the low- 

 lands and about half way up the mountain side. The White-throated 

 Sparrow frequented the open woodland and the edge of the clearings. The 

 Winter Wren was found in the more dense parts of the forests and near 

 streams. 



6. Birds Frequenting Hemlocks and Maples. Nearly all the birds that were 

 found in these two stations were also found in the cedar swamp to the north 

 (II. 1) or belonged to the list of rare birds. There were a number of birds 

 that were generally distributed in all the woodland between the Lake Superior 

 and Carp river which, with the exception of the Blackburnian Warbler, 



