ECOLOGY OF NORTHERN MICHIGAN. 69 



As is evident from Mr. Ruthven's field notes on the general character 

 of the stations, and also from a consideration of the station lists of Orthoptera, 

 almost every station contains two or more locust societies. These societies 

 comprise one or more characteristic species of locusts which find their pre- 

 ferred haunts within a relatively narrow range of physical conditions and 

 are practically characteristic of such habitats. It should be pointed out, 

 however, that in the heart of its range a species is usually more generally 

 distributed, and less restricted to its special habitat, than elsewhere; further- 

 more, that accidental occurrences are not infrequent and can be correctly 

 estimated as such only by careful observation or experience. "One swallow 



does not make a summer," and the capture of a single specimen of a locust 



" 



Fio. 20. Beaver meadow, station VII. 2, showing grasses and sedges bordered by encroaching 

 willows and alders. Tamarack and spruce in the background. 



Station I. Beach of Lake Superior. Species taken: Chloealtis abdomi- 

 nalis, Camnula pellucida, Circotettix verruculatus, Melanoplus atlanis and 

 Melanoplus femoratus. 



Habitats represented and characteristic species. 



1. Exposed rock or soil surfaces: Circotettix verruculatus, (Camnula 



pellucida) . 



2. Grassy places dry: Melanoplus atlanis and Camnula pellucida. 



3. Grassy places moist: Melanoplus femoratus. 



4. Thickets forest edge: Chloealtis abdominalis. 



Station II. North Slope of First Range. Species taken : 

 Sub. 2. Hardwood Forest. Tettixbrunneri. 

 Habitats represented and characteristic species. 



The single species taken is not typical of forested environment, usually 

 occurring on bare soil. 



