114 ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA. CHAP. IV 



plants (with their weight calculated as if there had been nine- 

 teen) weighed 18' 2 ounces; and the nineteen self-fertilised 

 plants, 21'5 ounces. We have therefore for the weights of the 

 three lots of plants the following ratios : 



The English-crossed to the self-fertilised plants, as 100 to 118 

 The English-crossed to the intercrossed plants, as 100 to 100 

 The intercrossed to the self-fertilised plants, as 100 to 118 



We thus see that in weight, as in height, the self-fertilised 

 plants had a decided advantage over the English-crossed and 

 intercrossed plants. 



The remaining seeds of the three kinds, whether or not in a 

 state of germination, were sown in three long parallel rows in 

 the open ground; and here again the self-fertilised seedlings 

 exceeded in height by between 2 and 3 inches the seedlings 

 in the two other rows, which were of nearly equal heights. The 

 three rows were left unprotected throughout the winter, and all 

 the plants were killed, with the exception of two of the self- 

 fertilised ; so that as far as this little bit of evidence goes, some 

 of the self-fertilised plants were more hardy than any of the 

 crossed plants of either lot. 



We thus see that the self-fertilised plants which were grown 

 in the nine pots were superior in height (as 116 to 100), and in 

 weight (as 118 to 100), and apparently in hardiness, to the inter- 

 crossed plants derived from a cross between the grandchildren 

 of the Brazilian stock. The superiority is here much more 

 strongly marked than in the second trial with the plants of the 

 English stock, in which the self-fertilised were to the crossed in 

 height as 101 to 100. It is a far more remarkable fact if we 

 bear in mind the effects of crossing plants with pollen from a 

 fresh stock in the cases of Ipomoea, Mimulus, Brassica, and 

 Iberis that the self-fertilised plants exceeded in height (as 109 

 to 100), and in weight (as 118 to 100), the offspring of the 

 Brazilian stock crossed by the English stock; the two stocks 

 having been long subjected to widely different conditions. 



If we now turn to the fertility of the three lots of plants we 

 find a very different result. I may premise that in five out of 

 the nine pots the first plant which flowered was one of the English- 

 crossed ; in four of the pots it was a self-fertilised plant ; and in 

 not one did an intercrossed plant flower first; so that these 

 latter plants were beaten in this respect, as in so many other 

 ways. The three closely adjoining rows of plants growing in 



