138 DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS. CHAP. IV 



divifiions ; but when only two kinds of seeds germinated at the 

 same time, they were planted on the opposite sides of other pots ; 

 and this is indicated by blank spaces in one of the three columns 

 in Table XLVH. An in the table signifies that the seedling 

 died before it was measured; and a + signifies that the plant 

 did not produce a flower-stem, and therefore was not measured. 

 It deserves notice that no less than eight out of the eighteen self- 

 fertilised plants either died or did not flower; whereas only 

 three out of the eighteen intercrossed, and four out of the twenty 

 London-crossed plants, were in this predicament. The self- 

 fertilised plants had a decidedly less vigorous appearance 

 than the plants of the other two lots, their leaves being 

 smaller and narrower. In only one pot did a self-fertilised plant 

 flower before one of the two kinds of crossed plants, between 

 which there was no marked difference in the period of flowering. 

 The plants were measured to the base of the calyx, after they 

 had completed their growth, late in the autumn. 



The average height of the sixteen London-crossed plants in 

 the preceding table is 32 -82 inches; that of the fifteen inter- 

 crossed plants, 28 inches; and that of the ten self-fertilised 

 plants, 26-55. 



So that in height we have the following ratios : 



The London -crossed to the self-fertilised as 100 to 81 

 The London-crossed to the intercrossed as 100 to 85 

 The Intercrossed to the self-fertilised as 100 to 95 



These three lots of plants, which it should be remembered 

 were all derived on the mother-side from plants of the third 

 self-fertilised generation, fertilised in three different ways, were 

 left exposed to the visits of insects, and their flowers were freely 

 crossed by them. As the capsules of each lot became ripe they 

 were gathered and kept separate, the empty or bad ones being 

 thrown away. But towards the middle of October, when the 

 capsules could no longer ripen, all were gathered and were 

 counted, whether good or bad. The capsules were then crushed, 

 and the seed cleaned by sieves and weighed. For the sake of 

 uniformity the results are given from calculation, as if there had 

 been twenty plants in each lot. 



The sixteen London-crossed plants actually produced 286 

 capsules; therefore twenty such plants would have produced 

 357 '5 capsules; and from the actual weight of the seeds, the 

 twenty plants would have yielded 462 grains weight of seeds. 



