172 



SCABIOSA ATKO-PURPUREA. 



CHA.P. V 



XVIII. UMBELLIFEE^. APIUM PETROSELINUM. 

 The Umbelliferse are proterandrous, and can hardly fail to lie 

 cross-fertilised by the many flies and small Hymenoptera which 

 visit the flowers.* A plant of the common parsley was covered 

 by a net, and it apparently produced as many and as fine 

 spontaneously self-fertilised fruits or seeds as the adjoining 

 uncovered plants. The flowers on the latter were visited by so 

 many insects that they must have received pollen from one 

 another. Some of these two lots of seeds were left on sand, but 

 nearly all the self-fertilised seeds germinated before the others, 

 so that I was forced to throw all away. The remaining seeds 

 were then sown on the opposite sides of four pots. At first the 

 self-fertilised seedlings were a little taller in most of the pots 

 than the naturally crossed seedlings, and this no doubt was due 

 to the self-fertilised seeds having germinated first. But in 

 the autumn all the plants were so equal that it did not seem 

 worth while to measure them. In two of the pots they were 

 absolutely equal ; in a third, if there was any difference, it was 

 in favour of the crossed plants, and in a somewhat plainer 

 manner in the fourth pot. But neither side had any substantial 

 advantage over the other ; so that in height they may be said 

 to be as 100 to 100. 



XIX. DIPSACE^:. SCABIOSA ATBO-PTJRPUREA. 

 The flowers, which are proterandrous, were fertilised during 



TABLE LXV. 



Scabiosa atro-purpurea. 



* H.MuIler, ( Befruchtun<j,'&c. 

 p. 96. According to M. Muriel 

 (as stated by Godron, ' De 1'Es- 



pece,' torn. ii.p. 58, 1859), varieties 

 of the carrot growing near each 

 other readily intercross. 



