AND CARE; OF YOUNG FARM ANIMALS 249 



oats, etc., may be used. Frequent feeding is essential for the 

 welfare of the calf and care should be taken not to overfeed. 

 The calf may be taught to eat grain by placing a little in the 

 mouth after it has finished drinking the milk. When grain is 

 fed there should not be any left over after a meal. If so reduce 

 the amount and never let grain remain in the feeding trough after 

 a meal. A little nitrogenous hay as alfalfa, clover, etc., or when 

 this is not available, corn stover or well cured grass hay, should 

 be continually supplied. According to Henry a dairy calf should 

 not gain over one and one-half pounds a day during the first 

 four months and less thereafter. 



All feeding utensils should be kept thoroughly clean and it is 

 important that the feeding pails be frequently scalded. 



Care of Calves. Calves are not so rugged as cows and should 

 be well protected from the cold of winter and the extreme heat 

 and flies of summer. When flies are troublesome the calf may 

 be pastured at night. On favorable winter days the calf may be 

 turned into a sunny enclosure for exercise. In the summer, 

 when it is very hot, the calf may be pastured early in the morn- 

 ing and late in the afternoon, which will allow of sufficient 

 exercise and sunshine. A few minutes spent each day in brush- 

 ing the calf will be found beneficial. 



3. Feeding the Colt. When the colt is born, the dam and 

 foal should be kept in the barn for a few days. Easily digested 

 food, in small amounts, is desirable at this time. A bran 

 mash is relished once a day. The mare with a colt should be 

 regarded as a milch animal and foods that tend to produce a 

 good flow of milk should be supplied. To bring this about in 

 summer the dam and foal may be turned on pasture, and in 

 winter, succulent feeds as roots or silage should be fed. If 

 the dam and foal are turned on pasture they should be looked 

 after every day to be sure they are in good health. As with 

 cows, some mares give too much milk and this must be regu- 

 lated by drawing the last of the milk and changing the food 

 so as to reduce the milk production. In case the mare is on 

 pasture the time of pasturing may be limited and a little dry 

 feed fed. Should the mare not furnish enough milk, succulent 

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