TUDOR GARDENS 



103 



be cultivated advantageously. Thus, like the earlier 

 monastic edifices, a gentleman's house was built oftener 

 in a valley than on a hilltop. Here there was more 

 room for expansion, and near the house the grounds 

 under cultivation could be extended to answer the 

 increasing demands for various kinds of plantations. 



At first both house and gardens still seem to have 

 been protected not only by walls, but with a moat. 

 Such was the residence of Edward 

 Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, at 

 Thornbury. Before its completion 

 he was beheaded, and a survey of 

 his estate, added to the state papers, 

 is dated May, 1521. From this 

 description (which is all that re- 

 mains of the gardens now) it appears 

 that they were well supplied with galleries and arbours, 

 or, as they are quaintly entitled, "roosting-places." 



" On the south side of the inner ward is a proper 

 garden, and about the same a goodly gallery convey- 

 ing above and beneath from the principal lodgings 

 both to the chapel and parrish church. The utter 

 part of the said gallery being of stone embattled, and 

 the inner part of timber covered with slate. On the 

 east side of the said castle or manor, is a goodly gar- 

 den to walk in, closed with high walls embattled. The 

 conveyance thither is by the gallery above and beneath 



