THE ELIZABETHAN FLOWER-GARDEN 137 



gardens, all sorts of plants. But if he were rich 

 enough to follow the fashion, he would separate his 

 plantations into three or four divisions, in each of 

 which a certain kind of vegetation predominated. De 

 Serres recommended four divisions, the kitchen gar- 

 den, the nosegay garden, the medicinal and the fruit 

 garden. Markham was satisfied with two, one for 

 the "household garden," the other the "garden for 

 flowers and sweet smells." But all were more or less 

 intended for profit as well as pleasure. Ornamental 

 features were then included, and are still often retained, 

 in the English kitchen garden, herbary, and orchard ; 

 while even such a princely pleasure garden as Bacon 

 describes, contained certain homely herbs and vege- 

 tables. In the " garden for flowers and sweet smells " 

 Markham suggests that "about the hedge we shall 

 set for to make pottage withal, pease, beans, citrons, 

 cucumbers, and such like." 



Pleasure gardens were always connected as closely pleasure 

 as possible with the house, to form a prolongation of 

 the living rooms. If practicable, the drawing-room 

 opened into the parterre of flowers; if not, a terrace 

 formed the means of intercommunication. As Surflet 

 says in his translation of a portion of the " Maison 

 Rustique " : " It is a commendable and seemly thing to 

 behold out at a window many acres of ground well 

 tilled and husbanded, whether it be a meadow, a plot 



