THE ELIZABETHAN FLOWER-GARDEN 145 



1583, in the engravings by Crispin de Passe illustrating 

 the " Hortus Floridus," and in many contemporaneous 

 pictures. Such galleries corresponded to the classic 

 portico and the monastic cloisters, and were a survival 

 from the mediaeval pleasaunce. The construction of the 

 simpler forms was minutely described in the " Jardinier 

 Hollandais," by J. van der Groen, in the middle of the 

 seventeenth century. 



There were also arbours, garden-houses, and banquet- Arbours, 

 ing houses in similar styles and of more or less elaborate 

 forms. Green arbours, Markham says, were covered 

 with the wild vine, hops, jasmine, Mary's seal, musk- 

 roses, woodbine, gourds, cucumber, and sweetbrier, and 

 might shade a wooden bench or a bank of camomile. 

 Often they were built in the shape of a round turret. 

 Clipped cypress, bay, cedar, and box trees, planted in 

 the ground, in flower-pots 

 or in wooden cases, were 

 used to mark the entrance 

 to the arbour. 



Garden-houses were 

 placed in all the more 

 ambitious gardens. The 

 plan was usually either 

 square or octagonal. The 



building was composed of one or two stories, and 

 seldom contained more than one room on a floor. 



