ENGLISH PLEASURE GARDENS 



to reproduce a classic villa. But the site, on the 

 abrupt slope of Monte Mario, was so peculiar that the 

 general arrangement of Clement's villa must have been 

 original. Pliny's description of his own villa perhaps 

 suggested some of the details, the hippodrome, the 

 swimming bath, the terraces, and the casino, but in 

 Raphael's hands these under- 

 went a transformation. As, 

 however, he died before the 

 villa was much more than 

 begun, his plans were modi- 

 fied by his pupil, Giulio Ro- 

 mano, though owing to the 

 precarious position of Clem- 

 ent VII, the building was 

 delayed, and before its com- 



DOORWAY : CAMBRIDGE 



pletion sacked by the Pope's enemies. The general 

 scheme was reconstructed by Percier and Fontaine in 

 " Villas pres de Rome." At the entrance was a spacious 

 forecourt leading up to a sort of loggia which ran under 

 the house and connected it with the rear courtyard, an 

 enclosure divided into four quarters, intended for flowers, 

 but now overgrown with grass and weeds. One of 

 several interesting details in this enclosure is the door- 

 way, flanked by colossal statues, shown in the illustra- 

 tion. The whole lay-out of this villa must have given 

 more or less direct inspiration to later garden architects. 



