WAYSIDES AND HEDGEROWS. 53 



at this season. It haunts the woodland sides as well 

 as the hedgerows. 



Ere the end of April the shower of seed-leaves no- 

 ticed earlier have sent forth their aerial leaves, and 

 conspicuous amongst them is the star-like whorl of the 

 common Cleaver (Galiumaparine), which is mounting 

 high in the hedges. We shall notice it in bloom further 

 on. Overhead we see the "Wayfaring Tree (Viburnum 

 lantana'), with its broad, toothed, downy leaves, shrubby 

 growth, and its clustered blossoms of perfect flowers. 

 As the summer advances, flattened red berries will 

 succeed the bloom, and as winter approaches the 

 berries will turn black. The leaves and berries of the 

 wayfaring tree are powerfully astringent. The latter 

 are used in the manufacture of ink, and the leaves 

 yield with alum a yellow dye. The wood is white and 

 hard, useful to the turner, and the rind of the root is 

 not unknown to boys in the making of birdlime. 



Closely allied to the foregoing is the Guelder 

 Eose ^F. opulus), the Snowballs of our gardens, and 

 we shall find its "silver globes" thickening on the 

 shrub in the hedgerows. In the wild state the flowers 

 are not globular. The leaves are three to five lobed, 

 and smooth. In the autumn we shall notice its orna- 



