BY THE WAYSIDE AND HEDGEROWS. 107 



pincushion" which is frequently seen on the branches. 

 In the 54th sonnet Shakespeare clears up the point: 



" The rose looks fair, but fairer we it deem 

 For that sweet odour which doth in it live : 

 The canker lloons have full as deep a dye 

 As the perfumed tincture of the roses." 



In the Midland shires it is still termed a "canker;" 

 but the rose is the dog rose, as it was in the time of 

 Caesar's invasion. The rose of the Eoman general was 

 probably the trailing White Dog Eose (Rosa arvensis), 

 the "White Eose of the Yorkists, the long sprays of 

 which extend several feet from the comparatively 

 small bushes on which it grows. This rose was com- 

 mon in our woods, and it was so frequent in one ot 

 the Lancashire forests as to give it its name-" Eose-in- 

 dnle." The red " hips " of this rose are of a sweeter 

 and richer flavour than those of the other wild roses, 

 and are more frequently gathered for the making oi 

 that famous cough conserve which country house- 

 keepers are so proud of. The petals of the dog 

 rose and the Sweet-Briar Eose (Rosa rubiyinosa) are 

 more fancied for rose-water than the trailing dog rose. 

 The sweet-briar is the eglantine of the poets, and it 

 may be known by the fragrance of its foliage, the 



