IN DEFENSIVE COLORATION 295 



PAGE 



7. A. H. Thayer's Criticism of the Statement that Animals 



are (Conspicuous . ... ^'.\-. /.. '.'. ,. ,,. . . 321 



8. The All- Importance of Instinctive Attitudes and Move- 



ments in the Display of Warning Colours . . 323 



9. Warning or Intimidating Sounds . , . . .324 



10. Intimidating Attitudes 324 



11. Directive Marks and Structures 325 



12. The Seasonal Development of Directive Marks . .326 



". SYNAPOSEMATIC OR COMMON WARNING COLOURS (MULLERIAN 



MIMICRY) 327 



1. The Mathematical Statement of the Advantage Conferred 



by Perfected Miillerian Resemblance . . .328 



2. The Advantage Conferred during the Growth of Mullerian 



Resemblance . . . . , . . .329 



3. Striking* Examples 'of Mullerian Resemblance . -331 



a. The New World . . . > s v :? ' ' \ '' . 331 



b. The Old World 333 



4. The Limit to Mttllerian Unification of Warning Colours 



in any Country 336 



5. Seasonal Transition from Cryptic to Synaposematic Defence 339 



6. Seasonal Transition in degrees of Synaposematic Defence, or 



from Aposematic to Synaposematic Defence . .341 



7. The Gradual Predominance of the Miillerian Hypothesis. 342 



8. Diaposematic Resemblance ; Reciprocal Warning Colours . 344 



9. Primary and Secondary Mullerian Resemblance ; Proto- 



and Deuterosynaposematic Resemblance . . -345 



10. Further Indirect Evidence Supporting a Miillerian or 



Synaposemaiic Interpretation . . . . .346 



11. Miillerian Resemblance Associated with Warning Colours; 



Batesian Mimicry Associated with Cryptic Colours . 348 



12. Mimetic Patterns in Stations or Localities different from 



, those of the Model . . .. . , . . 349 



13. Classes of Facts which have Recently been Urged in 



Support of the Batesian Hypothesis . . .350 



a. Butterflies Exhibiting Mimetic Resemblance on the 

 Upper Surface of the Wings and Procryptic Defence 



on the Under Surface ,-. ,'.... . . 350 



b. Dimorphic or Polymorphic Mimetic Butterflies with 

 Forms Resembling Different Models , . .354 



