IN DEFENSIVE COLORATION 297 



PAGE 



f. Non-Mimetic Ancestor preserved on Islands, <Jr. / on 

 Adjacent Continent Mimicry developed in one or both 

 Sexes : Remarkable case of Papilio dardanus 

 (merope) 373 



g. Imperfect Resemblance, not to any Particular Species, 



but to the General Appearance of an Unpalatable Group 376 



B. PSEUDALLAPOSEMATIC RESEMBLANCE : MlMETIC REPRESENTA- 



TION OF SOME ADVENTITIOUS OBJECT ASSOCIATED WITH 



THE MODEL . . v . * '^; ' ..... . . . 377 



C. PSEUDEPISEMATIC RESEMBLANCE OR AGGRESSIVE MlMICRY, 



INCLUDING ALLURING COLOURS ." . . . ". . 377 



IV. EPIGAMIC COLOURS . : . ., . . .^;". 379 



NOTE . ; }- -.' ' .;->':V, . '; .'' i- . ' -. '<-. 381 



I. CRYPTIC COLOURING, OR PROTECTIVE 

 AND AGGRESSIVE RESEMBLANCES; 

 PROCRYPTIC AND ANTICRYPTIC 

 COLOURS. 



The commonest use of colour is for concealment 

 (Cryptic], enabling an animal to escape its enemies, or 

 to approach its prey. In these Protective (Procryptic) 

 or Aggressive (Anticryptic] resemblances, animals are 

 concealed by a likeness to some object which is of 

 no interest to enemies or prey respectively. Similar 

 effects may be produced by the use of foreign objects 

 with which the animal covers itself to a greater or 

 lesser extent (A llocryptic]. 



A. PROCRYPTIC, OR PROTECTIVE RESEMBLANCE. 



a. General Protective Resemblance. In this form of 

 concealment the animal, in consequence of its colour- 

 ing, produces the same effect as its environment, but 

 the conditions do not require any great or special 

 modification of shape and outline. This method of 

 concealment is chiefly found among the animals 

 inhabiting some uniformly coloured expanse of the 

 terrestrial surface, such as an ocean or a desert. 



