37 6 THE PLACE OF MIMICRY 



have been copied in two books published in the United 

 States, and one in Germany. On the second plate, exhibit- 

 ing in Figs. 12-15 a Synaposematic combination from 

 Eastern Brazil (called a 'Mimicry-Ring' by Professor 

 Weismann), the descriptions of Figs. 12 and 13 as well 

 as of 14 and 15 have been transposed.] 



g. Imperfect Resemblance, not to any Particular Species, 

 but to the General Appearance of an Unpalatable Group. 

 There are also examples which show us the origin of 

 mimicry examples in which the resemblance is very im- 

 perfect, but, nevertheless, sufficient to afford some protec- 

 tion. The blue Euploeas of India, &c. (such as Stictoploea 

 harrisi, Trepsichrois mulciber, and Isamia splendens, in- 

 cluding irawada) form a very characteristic group, while 

 their general type of appearance is imperfectly mimicked 

 by several day-flying moths belonging to the Chalcosiinae 

 (Callamesia midama, Amesia aliris, A. sanguiflua). It is 

 extremely probable that the wonderfully close likeness 

 of many mimetic species arose by gradual stages from 

 a general resemblance to a type of colour or pattern 

 possessed by a large group of unpalatable insects. 



[In this case the moths belong to a group admitted to 

 be distasteful, and the resemblance is clearly Miillerian : 

 see also c. on p. 372.] 



[Considering the great change in the point of view that 

 has occurred since 1890, when the above-mentioned 

 examples were shown at Leeds, the question naturally 

 arises as to whether anything will remain of the hypo- 

 thesis originated by Bates. The clearest examples 

 known to me are the cases of close likeness to a poisonous 

 serpent borne by harmless species, and also by large 

 caterpillars (see pp. 367-8). It is also likely that many of 

 the resemblances to stinging insects and ants are Batesian. 

 Examples to the contrary are mentioned on pp. 230-1. 

 It must also be mentioned that Mullerian Resemblance 

 is very extensively developed among the stinging Hyme- 

 noptera themselves, see p. 278. Numbers of other cases 

 might be quoted.] 



