ANALYTICAL INDEX 



437 



laglaizei, Papilio, mimicking Al- 

 cidis aurora, 371. 



lais, Elymnias (Melynias), mimicry 

 and procryptic defence in, 353. 



LAMARCK, SECOND LAW OF, IN- 

 CONSISTENT WITH HIS FIRST, V. 

 144-7 : see also Lamarckism. 



Lamarck, use of term ' change- 

 ments acquis' by (1809), 141 ; laws 

 of, 141. 



lamarckiana, Oenothera, De Vries's 

 evidence for Mutation in Nature 

 derived from, xix, xx; never found 

 wild in its supposed native country, 

 xix, xxi ; fixed hybrids obtained by 

 Macdougal, Vail, and Shull between 

 O. cruciata and, xxi, xxii ; Mendelian 

 principle not followed by hybrid 

 between O. cruciata and, xxxv n. I. 



Lamarckism (see also Acquired 

 Characters and External Causes) : 

 the theory of evolution originated by 

 Lamarck, 97-9 ; innate tendency to 

 perfection and, 100 ; more easily 

 apprehended than Darwinism, 101 ; 

 illustrated by parodies of Darwinism, 

 103, 104 ; acquired characters and, 

 110-15; difficulties of, 110-15; 

 Mammalian skeleton and, 112; form 

 of joints and, 112, 115 ; passive struc- 

 tures (e.g. hair, colour) and, 112; 

 lobster's and crab's claws, lizard's 

 tail and, 113, 114; protective appear- 

 ance and, 113; forms of teeth and, 

 114, 115 ; instinct and, 116 ; the 

 cocoon-making instinct and, 1 17, 1 18, 

 157-60, 164; instincts of Hymeno- 

 ptera and, 118, 119, 160-6; variable 

 protective resemblance and, 152-4; 

 interpretation of instinct and, 154; 

 instincts of insects and, 154-66 ; 

 defended by G. J. Romanes, 160-1, 

 164 n. I, 1 66; Darwin's argument 

 that instincts of worker ants cannot 

 have arisen by, 165. 



Lamellibranchiata in early Palaeo- 

 zoic, 30 ; evolution in, 42. 



Lamiidae, mimicry of weevils by 

 genus Doliops of, 250, 261. 



Lampreys, 26 ; far lower than 

 earliest fossil fish, 30. 



LANCASHIRE AND YORKSHIRE, 

 RECENT DARKENING OF MOTHS 

 IN, X. 308-10. 



Land-plants, see plants. 



Language a result of environment, 

 106. 



Lankester, Sir Ray, on animal 

 classification, 25 ; on classification 

 of Appendiculata, 33 ; on Palaeo- 

 phonus, 40 ; assistance rendered in 

 Essays I, II, and VI by, 43, 62, 

 144-6 : see also viii ; on Zygosis, 60 

 n. 3 ; on discarding word ' species ', 

 62 ; on a historical criterion of 

 species, 63, 76 ; on Lamarck's use 

 of term ' acquired', 141 n. 2 ; on Sir 

 Edward Fry's criticisms, 143 n. 3 ; 

 on inconsistency of Lamarck's laws, 

 144-6 ; on ' educability ' versus 

 instinct, 165-6. 



Lappet moth, 299, 307. 



Larvae of British Butterflies 

 and Moths, W. Buckler, 152. 



Larvae (for Lepidopterous see 

 caterpillars : see also larval stage) : 

 reasons for passive defence of, 156; 

 mimicry by caterpillars of saw-fly 

 (Tenthredinid), 238, 239, 239 n. I ; 

 sudden assumption of aposematic 

 movements and attitude by saw-fly, 

 238, 239, 319, 320; ant mimicked by 

 Nabis, 257 n. I ; leaf-carrying ant 

 (Atta) with its leaf mimicked by 

 Membracid, 259 (Fig. 7), 260, 280, 

 377; bugs (Hemiptera) mimicked by 

 Mantid, 378 n. 3. 



Larval stage, a mimetic appearance 

 prepared beforehand in, 242, 243, 

 244 ; diverse conditions in same 

 locality determined by, 243, 244, 

 276, 277 ; seasonal phases determined 

 by influences upon, 311, 312. 



Latent Epigamic characters, 380. 



latercula, Lycomorpha, mimicking 

 Lygistopterus rubripennis, 231. 



lativentris, Nabis, larva of, mimick- 

 ing ant, 257 n. I. 



Latter, O. H., on secretion for 

 opening D. vinula cocoon, 1 59. 



Laurentian omitted from discus- 

 sion of age of earth, 27, 28. 



'Laws of Growth' and mimicry, 

 224, 225. 



LAWS OF LAMARCK INCON- 

 SISTENT, V. 144-7. 



Laws of Lamarck, 141. 



Laws of Nature in Hereditary 

 Transmission, J. C. Prichard, 178- 

 85. 



Laws of the Animal Economy 

 in regard to the Hereditary 

 Transmission of Peculiarities of 

 Structure, J. C. Prichard, 178-85. 



