86 EVOLUTION AND SOCIAL PROGRESS 



winism may be said to have finally passed away 

 almost with Darwin himself. The new school of 

 scientists who flourished at the opening of the 

 twentieth century united in their rejection of it, 

 in the sense that natural selection was quite rightly 

 regarded by them as of very secondary impor- 

 tance. Their own theories of evolution were 

 countless in variety, including opinions innumer- 

 able, both old and new. Lamarck once more ex- 

 erted a greater influence than Darwin, and the 

 abbot Mendel towered high above them both in 

 the sway his theories exercised over the minds of 

 scientific men. In 1907, not quite fifty years after 

 the first appearance of the "Origin of Species," 

 Professor Vernon Kellogg, himself a materialistic 

 evolutionist, recorded in his work the opening 

 obsequies of Darwinism. In his summary of mod- 

 ern evolution he wrote: 



There has been from the day of the close of the first great 

 battle to the present moment a steady and culminating stream 

 of scientific criticism of the Darwinian selection theories. In 

 the last few years it has reached such proportions, such 

 strength and extent, as to begin to make itself apparent out- 

 side of strictly biological and naturo-philosophical circles. 

 Such old biologists and natural philosophers as von Baer, von 

 Kolliker, Virchow, Nageli, Wiegand and Hartmann, and such 

 other writers in the nineties and in the present century as von 

 Sachs, Eimer, Delage, Haacke, Kassowitz, Cope, Haberlandt, 

 Henslow, Goette, Wolff, Driesch, Packard, Morgan, Jaeckel, 

 >teinmann, Korschinsky and de Vries are examples which show 

 the distinctly ponderable character of the anti-Darwinian ranks. 

 Perhaps these names mean little to the general reader; let me 

 translate them into the professors of zoology, of botany, of 



