PRIMITIVE MAN AND WOMAN 229 



is known as "diffusion," the contact with strangers 

 who bring with them a higher culture. So the 

 Red Indians of America were lifted, without any 

 intermediate stages, from the stone to the iron 

 age. So the paleolithic man of today may enjoy 

 the use of firearms tomorrow. 



All this is confirmed by the fact that in every 

 known period of history we find all the various 

 stages of civilization, from culture down to bar- 

 barism, represented in various parts of the earth. 

 Simultaneous with the paleolithic man, and what 

 is more, with the real savage, whose traces we 

 discover, there may have existed in other portions 

 of our planet all the different stages which arche- 

 ologists and anthropologists describe. Often 

 stone implements will be found in the same period 

 and the same locality with implements of bronze 

 and iron. Abundant proofs of all this could be 

 afforded were it my purpose to write an archeo- 

 logical treatise. Answering Sir J. Lubbock's con- 

 tentions that primitive man must have been in a 

 state of savagery because this is the actual con- 

 dition of the present "outcasts of the race," or 

 because industrial knowledge advanced from small 

 beginnings, and because traces of rude customs 

 remain even among highly civilized nations, the 

 Duke of Argyll wrote as early as 1869: 



None of these arguments afford any proof whatever, or even 

 any reasonable presumption, in favor of the conclusion which 

 they are employed to support: first, because along with a 



