16 EXTINCT AND VANISHING MAMMALS 



Among other vanishing or threatened African mammals, the fol- 

 lowing may be mentioned in particular: 



Barbary Lynx (Caracal caracal algirus) 



South African Bush Elephant (Loxodonta africana ajricand) 



African Manatee (Trichechus senegalensis) 



Nubian Wild Ass (Asinus asinus africanus) 



Somali Wild Ass (Asinus asinus somaliensis) 



Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) 



Northern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) 



Pygmy Hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) 



Barbary Stag (Cervus elaphus barbarus) 



Congo Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis congoensis) 



Nigerian Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta) 



Angola Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis) 



Southern Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis capensis) 



Okapi (Okapia johnstoni) 



Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer cafjer, here restricted to the South African 



animal) 



Egyptian Arui (Ammotragus lervia ornata) 

 Libyan Arui (Ammotragus lervia fassini) 

 Nubian Ibex (Capra nubiana nubiana) 

 Abyssinian Ibex (Capra walie) 

 Cuvier's Gazelle (Gazella cuvien) 

 Slender-horned Gazelle (Gazella leptoceros) 

 Mhorr Gazelle (Gazella dama mhorr) 

 White Oryx (Aegoryx algazel) 

 Giant Sable Antelope (Hippotragus variant) 

 Addax (Addax nasomaculatus) 

 Nyala (Tragelaphus angasii) 

 Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) 



Senegambian Giant Eland (Taurotragus derbianus derbianus) 

 Congo Giant Eland (Taurotragus derbianus congolanus) 



A very considerable number of game reserves have been estab- 

 lished in various parts of Africa, and there should be a great many 

 more of them, effectively supervised. Herein lies the chief hope for 

 the survival of many of the larger African mammals. 



MADAGASCAR 



The mammalian fauna of this great island is particularly note- 

 worthy for its very high degree of endemism and for the prepon- 

 derance of lemurs. Madagascar and its outliers boast no less than 

 three families and forty species and subspecies of lemurs, not one 

 of which extends to the African mainland. Fortunately a fair pro- 

 portion of these remain more or less common, being protected 

 from persecution by native superstition. However, one species, the 

 Hairy-eared Mouse Lemur (Cheirogaleus trichotis) , is apparently 

 extinct. The following seem to exist in very small numbers, and 



