ORDER PRIMATES: PRIMATES 161 



These show much local variation, and many names have been ap- 

 plied. According to the latest reviser, Schwarz, however, these may 

 be regarded as representing but two distinct species, each with 19 

 or 20 races, or some 39 in all. They are typically monkeys of the 

 great rain forest, from French Guinea south to Angola, and across 

 the Congo Basin to the more isolated rain-forest and gallery forest 

 of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), Kenya, Tanganyika, and Zanzibar. Over 

 a large part of this range both species in one race or another occur 

 together, but in some regions only one of them is found, as in Zanzi- 

 bar, Kirk's Red Colobus, or in Abyssinia where the black-and- 

 white Guereza is alone represented. Both were first made known 

 from the West Coast, Sierra Leone. 



G. M. A. 



Black-and-white Colobus; Guereza 



COLOBUS POLYKOMOS (Zimmermann) and races 



Cebus polykomos Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. 2, p. 202, 1780. 



(Sierra Leone.) 



SYNONYMS and list of valid races: Schwarz (1929). 

 FIGS.: Elliot, 1913, vol. 3, pis. 3, 18, 19. 



In these handsome black-and-white monkeys, the hair of the 

 flanks and hips tends to become elongate, the tail distinctly tufted, 

 with progressive increase in amount of white from all-black forms 

 (satanas) as in the Cameroons, to those with little and much white. 

 The most handsome of the races is perhaps kikuyuensis of Mount 

 Kenya or the race caudatus of Mount Kilimanjaro. For the char- 

 acters and synonymy of the various races, see Schwarz (1929). 



On account of the long fine hair which forms the prominent 

 fringes along the sides, these monkeys are sometimes referred to as 

 "shawl monkeys." This quality seems also to have made them 

 desirable as fur so that a great many are killed. There is little in- 

 formation at hand as to the extent of this trade. Leplae (1925), 

 however, states that in the Belgian Congo the fur has a rather high 

 commercial value, and the species would be threatened with extinc- 

 tion if it were not protected by law. Such protection is given in the 

 British colonies but apparently not in the Congo to the extent that 

 it should be, although since 1929 it is given partial protection. In 

 Kenya Colony the race kikuyuensis occurs and on account of the 

 length of its white "shawl" is one of the handsomest of the races. 

 Its fur is, or not long ago was, much used by the natives in personal 

 decoration. Portions of the black-and-white fur are used as anklets 

 (particularly by the young men) or as caps. In the Gabun A. R. 

 Maclatchy (in litt., February 5, 1937) found them numerous in 

 bands in the mountainous region of Mimongo. They are of sedentary 

 habits and affect the high, abrupt mountains. "The vogue which 



