176 EXTINCT AND VANISHING MAMMALS 



in the Bamboo Region, but they also live higher up the steep moun- 

 tain slopes with their beautiful vegetation of Hagenia-trees." (Gyl- 

 denstolpe, 1928, p. 23.) 



"There is a spotted menace, a potent factor too, in the leopard, 

 who destroys numbers of young animals" (Burbridge, 1928, as 

 quoted in Yerkes and Yerkes, 1929, p. 398) . 



Pitman (1935, pp. 477-494) gives an excellent account of Gorillas 

 in Uganda, and the following excerpts are taken from his paper: 



The occurrence of Gorillas in the Kayonsa region of Uganda [about midway 

 between the Birunga volcanoes and Lake Edward] has been known for many 

 years (p. 477). 



There is in the Kayonsa a complete absence of bamboo, wild celery, dock, 

 and similar juicy-stemmed plants such as abound in the humid, high alti- 

 tudes, forcing the Gorilla to confine its diet to a mixture of leaves, berries, 

 ferns, the tender fronds of tree-ferns, parts of the wild banana stems, and 

 leaves, and fibrous bark peeled off a variety of shrubs in the undergrowth. . . . 



Owing to a lack of what apparently are normal food constituents the 

 Gorilla has become more enterprising in search of food, and in consequence 

 climbs trees freely to a known height of at least 50 feet. (P. 478.) 



The "beds" of the Kayonsa Gorilla are large platforms built in the trees, 

 and often at a considerable height above the ground. 



[The altitude of the habitat varies between 6000 and 7900 feet.] (P. 479.) 



The forest region to the east of the Kishasha river [where some Gorillas 

 are known to occur] is a gazetted forest reserve and, in consequence, not 

 open for human settlement. There is little likelihood in the immediate 

 future of serious conflict between Man and Gorilla in the dense uninhabitable 

 valleys to the west of this river and in the vicinity of the Belgian Congo 

 border .... 



It was calculated that this western area harboured forty to fifty Gorillas. 

 [In the entire region there were possibly at least eighty.] 



Normally the troops vary in size from five to eight or nine, [but one troop 

 was said to include nearly two dozen]. (P. 480.) 



The [Kayonsa] Gorilla normally is peaceably disposed and not aggressive 

 (p. 483). 



The Wambutte [Pygmies] are extremely tolerant of the Gorillas, but not 

 so the other local natives, who would readily endeavour to exterminate the 

 lot, were it not for the fact, of which they are well aware, that these splendid 

 animals are absolutely protected (p. 484). 



The animals are said to sometimes raid the native gardens but 

 not to attack the natives. 



The Chimpanzees 



In spite of the multiplicity of names that have been applied to 

 the Chimpanzees, it seems probable that only four valid forms are 

 recognizable, representing probably two distinct species, as follows: 



Common Chimpanzee 



PAN TROGLODYTES TROGLODYTES (Blumenbach) 



Simla troglodytes Blumenbach, Handb. der Naturgesch., p. 65, 1799. ("An- 

 gola.") 



