ORDER PRIMATES: PRIMATES 177 



Long-haired Chimpanzee; Eastern Chimpanzee 



PAN TROGLODYTES SCHWBINFURTHII (Giglioli) 



Troglodytes schweinjurthii Giglioli, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva, vol. 3, 

 p. 114, footnote, 1872. (Upper Uele drainage, Niam-niam country, eastern 

 Congo Beige.) 



Western Chimpanzee 



PAN TROGLODYTES VERUS Schwarz 



Pan satyrus vents Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 13, p. 578, 

 June, 1934. ("Sanda Magbolonto chiefdom, Karima district, Sierra Leone.") 



SYNONYMS: For list of synonyms of these three races, see G. M. Allen (1939b, 

 pp. 172-175). 



FIGS.: Elliot, 1913, vol. 3, pis. 7, 8, 8 bis (animal); pis. 36-39 (skulls); Yerkes 

 and Yerkes, 1929, figs. 69-118. 



Yerkes and Yerkes (1929) write that the "description of the con- 

 figuration of the type chimpanzee is as difficult as description of 

 man, so numerous and pronounced are individual, sex, and species 

 differences and developmental changes." In general, of anthropoid 

 form, the forelimbs proportionately long, reaching below the knee 

 when the animal stands erect. Form stocky, shape of ear much as in 

 Homo, forehead heavily ridged, nose flattened. Face usually bare 

 or nearly so, and in the adult black like the skin of the body, except 

 in the race verus, in which it is paler. Hair of the head directed 

 backward in the typical race, but usually with a parting in verus. 

 In the eastern race, schweinjurthii, the hair is longer than in the 

 others. The maximum (standing) height of the male is about 5 

 feet, of the female 4 feet. Weight of male 125 to 175 pounds; of 

 female 100 to 150 pounds. The skull is distinguished readily from 

 that of a Gorilla by the smaller teeth and by the fact that when 

 viewed from in front the summit of the brain case is visible above 

 the brow ridges instead of being hidden by them. Color usually 

 black, with often a whitish pygal patch. 



Throughout the vast extent of the tropical rain forest from the 

 Gambia and adjacent French Equatorial Africa, south to the 

 Congo, and eastward to the borders of Uganda and Tanganyika, 

 Chimpanzees are found, but they vary greatly in local abundance. 

 They seem much given to wandering about over circumscribed 

 areas, and so it is difficult to make censuses or to estimate popula- 

 tions. Moreover, the nature of their habitat in rain forest of dense 

 growth makes their observation uncertain. Thus in our journey 

 across Liberia in 1926, a country in which they are believed to be 

 rather common, I saw none, and H. J. Coolidge, Jr., came upon them 

 but once in the eastern border of the country. Yet they are com- 

 mon in the region about Kindia, in French Guinea, and occur in 

 7 



