178 EXTINCT AND VANISHING MAMMALS 



numbers in Sierra Leone and in the forests of the Belgian Congo and 

 in the Cameroons. The original specimen was said to have come 

 from "Angola" but probably was not native there, for the larger 

 species is not now known from south of the Congo. If it was actually 

 brought from there, it was no doubt purchased of natives who had 

 captured it as a young animal farther north. 



The Chimpanzee offers no trophy for the sportsman and should 

 not be killed or captured except for scientific purposes. It is thus 

 included in Schedule B of the London Convention of 1933. Its natural 

 enemies must be few and, except for man, probably include only the 

 Leopard. Native peoples seldom molest them, except where there is 

 inducement from whites to capture them for "pets" or to secure 

 specimens. Many tribes believe that "every chimpanzee is linked 

 with the soul of a man, so that if one is killed the man too will die," 

 or some other calamity will ensue. At Kindia in French Guinea, the 

 Pasteur Institute maintains a laboratory for the observation and 

 medical study of these animals, where individuals may be accus- 

 tomed to captivity before being sent to institutions in Europe or 

 elsewhere. "From the medical point of view, we have no need of 

 emphasizing the advantage to be derived to-day from anthropoids, 

 and especially the Chimpanzee, in the study of human diseases ; the 

 experimental inoculations of serums, vaccines, and medications of 

 all sorts, find in the Chimpanzee a very valuable subject" (Lavau- 

 den, 1933, pp. 30-31). Psychological studies of this animal have 

 already thrown much light on the evolution of intelligent behavior; 

 for a review of such work the reader is referred to the volume by 

 Yerkes and Yerkes (1929). 



While the reports of comparative abundance, as noted by travelers 

 or persons stationed in parts of its range, are of only relative value 

 as often recording mere casual impressions, nevertheless the following 

 notes are here added as providing a brief survey of its occurrence 

 in selected stations. In the Gambia it is said no longer to exist near 

 the coastal towns, but according to E. Johnson (1937, p. 62) every 

 year "about fifty animals are brought in for sale from Futa Jalon, 

 some 70 miles southeast of Fatoto, 280 miles from Bathurst." They 

 are found in the Gola Forest Reserve of Sierra Leone, and small 

 troops may be met with by good fortune in the great forests of 

 Liberia. On the Gold Coast, according to Haywood (1933), "they 

 are only reported from the Western Forest belt, but it seems quite 

 possible they are spread over a large area, although by no means 

 in large numbers." The Director of Agriculture of the Gold Coast 

 writes (in litt., 1937) that the "chimpanzee is now rare and confined 

 to the extreme western border of the forest country, but whether 

 it was ever plentiful is not known." In Nigeria it is reported from 

 forest regions of Oyo, Onitaha, Owerri, Ijebu Ode, and Abeokuta 



