224 EXTINCT AND VANISHING MAMMALS 



that there were about 10 bears, protected by law, in the Province of 

 Carnaro, northeastern Italy. 



In the National Park of the Abruzzi about 200 Brown Bears are 

 well protected (Tratz, in Castelli, 1935, p. 9). They are found in 

 the mountains about the valley of the Sangro, and must be regarded 

 as indigenous, notwithstanding the local tradition that the Czar of 

 Russia had sent King Ferdinand of Naples a couple of such animals, 

 which he set free in the mountains of the Abruzzi (Colosi, 1933, 

 pp. 48-49). The park administration estimates the present number 

 at about 100 (Laboratorio di Zoologia Applicata a Caccia, in Hit., 

 September, 1936) . 



The bear is completely gone from the Sila Montains, Calabria, 

 though present there in the middle of the last century (Hecht, 1932, 

 p. 23). 



Austria. This was probably an indigenous species all over Aus- 

 tria in former days. In Carinthia it was generally distributed up to 

 1850; one bear was killed during each of the years 1895, 1920, 1927, 

 and 1936. They are supposed to have come from the reserves in 

 Gottschee, Carniola, and on Schneeberg (Monte Nevoso), north of 

 Fiume, Italy ; perhaps also from Croatia. In Lower Austria the bear 

 was observed rather frequently up to the last half of the nineteenth 

 century ; here, in Semmering, Schneeberg, Rax, and the mountainous 

 areas to the westward, fine stocks of bears were to be found. The 

 last one was observed in 1919 near Rohr in the mountains of Lillien- 

 feld. In Upper Austria and Salzburg the species was probably quite 

 common up to the middle of the nineteenth century. In Tyrol the 

 decrease started in 1570. At that time Duke Albrecht prohibited 

 the capture and killing of bears. During the Thirty Years' War the 

 numbers increased again. Up to about 1840 the annual kill was 

 from 20 to 30 specimens. The last one was shot in Stellental, Tyrol, 

 in 1898; in Vorarlberg, in 1870. The bear is not compatible with 

 cattle-raising or with the increase in human population. (G. Schles- 

 inger, in Hit., March, 1937.) 



According to the Alpines Handbuch (1931), 34 bears were killed 

 in Tyrol in 1835, and in the same year the last one was killed in the 

 Schneeberg district near Vienna. The last one was seen at Kar- 

 wendel, on the Tyrolean-Bavarian border north of Innsbruck, in 

 1896. (Castelli, 1935, p. 33.) 



Czechoslovakia. The species is still comparatively common in 

 two well-defined districts. One embraces the mountainous territory 

 of the Low and the High Tatra, bordered on the west by the Arva 

 and the Waag Rivers, on the east by the Dunajec and Poprad 

 Rivers. The other comprises the wooded Carpathians west of the 

 railway from Munkac to Volovec. According to Dr. Komarec of 



