ORDER CARNIVORA: CARNIVORES 



243 



Poland. It was quite frequent in the eighteenth century and even 

 in the nineteenth century, but is now most probably exterminated 

 (M. Siedlecki, in litt., October, 1936). It lived till the end of the 

 last century in Volhynia, Podolia, and Polesia (Lubicz v. Nieza- 

 bitowski, 1934, p. 190) . 



Germany. Two reports of Wolverines in central or northern 

 Germany in the eighteenth century are evidently based upon escaped 

 captives (Blasius, 1857, p. 211; Hilzheimer, 1933, pp. 219-221). 



Russia. The species formerly ranged southward to the northern 

 Ukraine. At present it is found rarely in the Western Area, and pos- 



FIG. 25. Wolverine (Gulo gulo) 



sibly in Volhynia. Once thought to have been exterminated in White 

 Russia at the end of the nineteenth century, it may have survived 

 till later. It formerly occurred in the Governments of Novgorod 

 and Olonets. It ranges northward to the Kola Peninsula. Prior 

 to 1901, 200-300 Wolverines were collected annually in the Govern- 

 ment of Archangel, but at present there is a decrease. Prior to 1925, 

 75 animals were captured annually in the Petchora district. The 

 species now seems to be very rare in central Russia (Ivanovo Indus- 

 trial Area and adjacent areas) . It is widely distributed in the Urals, 

 south to about lat. 53 N. (Ognev, 1935, pp. 94-96.) 



Siberia. The range of the Wolverine extends from the Urals 

 east to the Anadyr district and Kamchatka ; on the north it reaches 

 the Arctic coast in places; on the south it extends to the Altai Moun- 

 tains, the Tannu-Ola Mountains (Mongolia) , the Bargusin district, 

 the Amur region, the Ussuri district (lat. 44 N.), and Sakhalin. 

 Over this vast area its status varies considerably; it is reported as 

 numerous in some places and as rare or absent in others: (Ognev, 

 1935, pp. 97-100; map, p. 101.) 



