ORDER CARNIVORA: CARNIVORES 289 



on the under-parts. In the female the inside of the fore-legs is 

 white." (Lydekker, 1908, p. 416.) The female is paler and smaller 

 than the male (Cabrera, 1932, p. 181). 



This extinct race ranged from Tripoli through Tunisia, Algeria, 

 and Morocco. Apparently there are no definite records of Lions 

 within the present confines of Egypt during historic times. The 

 Lion of Senegal is described as a distinct race (Leo leo senegalensis 

 (J. N. von Meyer)), although a single race of Cheetah (Adnonyx 

 jubatus hecki Hilzheimer) is accredited to both Senegal and the 

 Barbary States. 



Tripoli. "About two hundred years ago the lion was found quite 

 commonly in Tunisia. About the same time*, so far as records go, the 

 last lion was killed in the adjoining Pashalik of Tripoli, where the 

 animal now seems to be entirely extinct." (Johnston, in Bryden, 

 1899, p. 564.) 



Tunisia. "Down to the time of the French invasion of Tunis, 

 in 1881, lions were still found in the extreme north-western part of 

 the Regency, close to the Algerian frontier. . . . 



"What has brought about the extinction of this animal is less 

 the persistent attacks of French or Arab sportsmen than the opening 

 up of the forests and the settling down of the people since the French 

 occupation. The herds are now so carefully tended that the lion has 

 little or no chance of feeding on them, while the Barbary stag and 

 the gazelles have in that region become very scarce." (Johnston, in 

 Bryden, 1899, pp. 562-564.) 



The last Lion of Tunisia was killed in 1891 at Babouch, between 

 Tabarka and Am-Draham. The species was common up to the time 

 of the French occupation. Doubtless owing to troop movements, it 

 then retired to the most remote massifs. It could not survive in 

 contact with civilization. (Lavauden, 1932, pp. 5-6.) 



Two specimens in the Ley den Museum (one killed in Tunisia in 

 1823, the other in "North Africa" about the same period) are prob- 

 ably the only wild-killed Barbary Lions that are preserved in any 

 museum and can be studied at present (Cabrera, 1932, pp. 182-183). 



Algeria. Pease (in Bryden, 1899, pp. 564-566) gives the following 

 account: 



The North African lion was in bygone ages undoubtedly very numerous. . . . 



The Algerian lion has become so rare that it may be said to be nearing 

 extinction. ... It lingers only in the country that might almost be 

 described as the Mediterranean littoral zone, though an occasional lion is 

 still shot or tracked in the interior, as far inland as the district of Soukarras, 

 and certain places in the Aures. [During 1892-95] I do not remember hearing 

 of more than three or four being obtained in the whole province of Con- 

 stantine. In the provinces of Algiers and Oran they may be said to be ex- 

 tinct. So long ago as 1862 General Marguerite wrote that ... in the province 

 of Algiers . . . the average number killed did not exceed three or four a 



