ORDER CARNIVORA: CARNIVORES 309 



Tarbagatai Mountains southeast of Zaisan Nor, and from Zmeino- 

 gorsk, Bisk, and Barnaul in the Ob Basin of western Siberia. The 

 Tiger has entirely disappeared from its former haunts in the Dzun- 

 garian Alatau. In Tajikistan it occurs on the upper Vashni and on 

 the Kafiringan Darya. (Ognev, 1935, pp. 273, 290-292; map, p. 295.) 

 The following information is from W. G. Heptner (in litt., Decem- 

 ber, 1936) : The Tiger is found in limited numbers, but regularly, 

 at the mouths of the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya and on Lake 

 Balkash. It is more common on the upper course of the Amu Darya 

 and on its right tributaries. It comes over accidentally from Persia 

 and Afghanistan to Kopet-Dag, the upper Tejend, the upper Mur- 

 ghab, and Transcaucasia (Talish) . During the past 50-70 years the 

 numbers have been considerably reduced by hunting. The range 

 has also been reduced, and in certain areas (Transcaucasia, middle 

 Syr Darya, and Murghab) the Tiger is now exterminated. It is 

 difficult to estimate the total number, but there may not be more 

 than 200 in Russian Turkestan. The best areas are the headwaters 

 and the mouth of the Amu Darya. The Tiger is rarely met with 

 at the mouth of the Hi River on Lake Balkash, where probably only 

 ten or twelve animals exist. At the mouth of the Syr Darya it is 

 probably only a visitor, coming from Amu Darya. Hunting is 

 allowed throughout the year. 



Javaii Tiger , 



PANTHERA TIGRIS SONDAICA (Fitzinger) 



Tigris sondaica Fitzinger, 1 Sitz.-ber. Akad. Wiss. [Wien], math.-nat. Cl., vol. 68, 

 pt. 1, p. 454, 1868. ("Java und Sumatra"; type locality restricted by 

 Schwarz (1912, p. 324) to Java.) 



The meager information available concerning the status of the 

 Javan Tiger indicates that it is no longer very numerous or generally 

 distributed on that island. 



"Ground-colour light rusty; stripes very narrow, often duplicated. 

 . . . Fur short and close." (Schwarz, 1912, p. 325.) "Apparently 

 closely resembling the Sumatran race in size and coloration, but 

 distinguished from it, and from all other tigers, by the marked con- 

 striction of the occiput" (Pocock, 1929, p. 541). 



In 1851 Horsfield (p. 44) remarked that Tigers were "numerous 

 and destructive ... in many parts of Java." 



"Many tigers . . . may be found" on the Oedjoeng koelon Penin- 



i This name is antedated by Felis tigris sondaicus Temminck (Coup-d'oeil 

 Possessions Neerlandaises, vol. 2, p. 88, 1847). It is highly questionable, how- 

 ever, whether Temminck's excessively brief and insufficient description ("le 

 grand tigre raye de Sumatra et de Java forme une espece distincte du tigre raye 

 du continent de FInde") is nomenclaturally valid. 



