ORDER PERISSODACTYLA I ODD-TOED UNGULATES 355 



at about longitude 96-100 E., Younghusband (1888, p. 495) saw 

 "considerable numbers of wild asses." 



In the central Gobi, in 1922-25, R. C. Andrews (1924, pp. 152-154; 

 1926, pp. 132-145, 299-302, 317-318) found considerable numbers 

 of Wild Asses in the vicinity of Orok Nor and Zagan Nor (about 

 long. 100-102 E.) "During the first two years of our work in the 

 Gobi, we never saw wild asses in herds of more than fifteen or 

 twenty, but we did not arrive in their country until after the breed- 

 ing-season. In 1925 the herds numbered thousands. Evidently 

 they collect at favorable localities just before the young are born . 

 . . . The young are dropped about the beginning of July, and the 

 asses seek a flat plain, undoubtedly for protection from wolves." 

 (P. 302.) 



"I have been asked by many people if it would be possible to 

 catch wild asses when they are young and use them for breeding 

 purposes. I do not believe that this would be practicable, due to 

 the extraordinary wildness of the animals. Certainly, it would be 

 difficult to tame an adult wild ass." (R. C. Andrews, 1924, p. 154.) 



In 1926 the Kulan was very common at the northern base of Iche- 

 Bogdo, in the valley of the lakes west of Orok Nor, and in the desert 

 area to the northwest as far as the Baidarik River (Formozow, 

 1931, p. 77). 



In 1911 Carruthers (1913, p. 532) found that the western shore 

 of Bar Kul, in southern Dzungaria, was the haunt of droves of 

 Wild Asses. His companion, J. H. Miller, supplies much additional 

 information (in Carruthers, 1913, pp. 582, 588-589, 603-608). In 

 the hills west of Bar Kul, towards the end of April, "a few wild- 

 asses, straight from their winter quarters on the lowlands to the 

 north, were busy making up for their scanty winter fare" (p. 588) . 

 In the vicinity of Shi-Kho, at the northern base of the Tian Shan, 

 a domesticated Kulon was examined; it was perfectly docile, but 

 could not be broken to the saddle. A large wild herd was seen in the 

 same area. (P. 603.) In Guchen a Kirghiz reported Kulon very 

 numerous in the sand-dune area to the north, and Miller himself 

 found fair numbers there (p. 604) . Two specimens were secured near 

 the Dzungarian Gate north of Ebi Nor, where a spring was much fre- 

 quented by Kulon (p. 605) . 



"My specimens are undoubtedly Equus hemionus typicus .... 

 Its extreme eastern distribution is at present imperfectly known; 

 Sir Francis Younghusband, in his journey across the Northern Gobi, 

 mentions seeing kulon in the Gobi at the extreme eastern end of the 

 Altai. They are found north of the Altai Range on the plains, 

 round the large lakes in the Kobdo region; we met with them near 

 Barkul, and in several other places throughout Southern Dzungaria. 

 . . . The natives hunt them occasionally for their skins and meat, 



