ORDER PERISSODACTYLA : ODD-TOED UNGULATES 389 



that "in Java tame individuals are frequently to be seen wandering 

 about the villages of the natives." 



"In Java the Rhinoceros is now reduced to a single herd, which 

 is confined to the Bantam district, at the extreme west of the Island. 

 The herd is said to consist of about fifty individuals, which are 

 very strictly preserved." (Harmer, 1922, p. 16.) 



According to Dammerman (1929, pp. 7-8) , "the Javanese species 

 . . . has decreased so considerably that its number for Java has 

 been estimated at hardly more than a few dozens. . . . From Java 

 hardly any export has taken place publicly as here the rhinoceros 

 has been protected since 1909, but all the same, many a specimen 

 has been killed illegally." 



Heynsius-Viruly and Van Heurn (1936, pp. 40-46) give the fol- 

 lowing account: 



In Java ... it has been exterminated, except for a few specimens. . . . 



Much has been written about the fierceness of the rhinoceros. . . . They 

 seem to have an especial dislike for naturalists. In 1827, G. von Raalten, 

 anatomist of the "Natural History Committee of the Netherlands Indies," 

 was attacked and seriously wounded by a rhinoceros [sondaicus} at Krawang, 

 Java. . . . 



Meanwhile the rhinoceros disappeared long ago from Krawang. In their 

 original habitat in Java, which was restricted to the western and central 

 districts, steady hunting during the past century has made them so scarce 

 that their complete extermination is seriously feared. This is all the more 

 immediate since one can expect, at the most, one young every five or six 

 years. . . . 



In Java, according to reports, sondaicus will soon be a thing of the past, 

 if it does not prove possible to sufficiently guard the few remaining specimens 

 in Southwest Bantam and in the Nature Monument Oedjoengkoelon. Although 

 poachers are now punished more severely than before, three corpses of 

 rhinoceros were found in the Nature Monument in 1932. The presence of a 

 single rhinoceros in the district Karangnoengal was reported; also a few 

 specimens in the Garoet Mountains as well as near Pameungpeuk and to the 

 west of Lake Kinder. 



Borneo. This species "has been supposed to inhabit . . . Borneo 

 as well, but statements to that effect need confirmation, and are very 

 likely to be wrong" (Harmer, 1922, p. 16) . 



"The evidence for its occurrence in Borneo is far from good, 

 being based in part on native report (see Sclater, 1869) " (Barbour 

 and Allen, 1-932, p. 145) . 



Heynsius-Viruly and Van Heurn (1936, p. 47) evidently consider 

 reports of sondaicus from Borneo due to confusion with sumatrensis. 



"E. Banks, Curator of the Sarawak Museum . . . does not believe 

 that sondaicus really exists in Borneo" (Loch, 1937, p. 145) . 



Specimens. Barbour and Allen (1932, pp. 147-149) list the 

 known museum specimens, and Loch (1937, p. 147) does likewise, 

 making a total of 18 mounted skins, 6 mounted heads, 20 skeletons, 

 and 40 skulls. 



