402 EXTINCT AND VANISHING MAMMALS 



stopped. In Kenya Colony "the poaching and smuggling of rhi- 

 noceros horn has become a serious problem for the Game Depart- 

 ment." One lot of 187 horns was recently (about 1930) seized. 

 Presumably the Wakamba kill the animals with poisoned arrows in 

 the Ukamba Reserve. Most of the horn is smuggled into Italian 

 Somaliland, whence it can be freely exported (East African Standard, 

 March 7, 1930). There has also been a great illegal trade in rhino 

 horns going on through Zanzibar, but steps have been taken to stop 

 it. According to Caldwell (1924, pp. 51, 53), the Somalis, pene- 

 trating Kenya Colony from the north, make use of the native 

 hunters to obtain this horn as well as elephant ivory, which they 

 then smuggle out through Italian Somaliland. "The only real cure is 

 to get Italy to cooperate, and to conform to the Ivory Convention 

 to which she was a signatory." In the Chad Territory it is said that 

 the Arabs, under the pretext of hunting elephants with a regular 

 permit, also kill many rhinos. A local sultan near Fort Archambault 

 has his subjects hunt in his behalf, and this has resulted in the dis- 

 appearance of the rhino from localities where it was particularly 

 abundant a few years ago. During the period when rhino horn was 

 valuable, the horns of at least 300 animals, weighing 900 kilograms, 

 were sold there (Ramecourt, 1936) . It is said that the Chinese prize 

 the horn of the Asiatic rhinos more highly than that of the African 

 species, but nevertheless, with the growing scarcity of the former, 

 tKat of the latter seems to command high enough prices to make 

 its smuggling worth while. 



G. M. A. 



Southern White Rhinoceros; Burchell's Rhinoceros; Square- 

 mouthed Rhinoceros; Square-lipped Rhinoceros. Witre- 

 noster (Boer). Rhinoceros blanc du Sud (Fr.) 



CERATOTHBRIUM SIMUM SIMUM (Burchell) 



Rhinoceros, simus Burchell, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, annee 1817, p. 97, 

 1817. ("L'interieur de 1'Afrique Meridionale, . . . vers le vingt-sixieme 

 degre de latitude"; Burchell himself seems to give no further details, but 

 Selous (in Bryden, 1899, p. 52) indicates as type locality "the Batlapeen 

 country, not far from the present native town ... of Kuruman [British 

 Bechuanaland].") 



FIGS.: Burchell, op. cit., pi. facing p. 100; A. Smith, 1849, pi. 19; Harris, 1840, 

 pi. 19; Schreber, Saugthiere, Supplementband 4, pi. 317K, 1844; Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. London 1886, pi. 16, fig. 1; Coryndon, 1894, pi. 18; Bryden, 

 1899, pi. 1, figs. 2, 6; Lydekker, 1908, pi. 1, figs. 2, 6, and pp. 36, 45, figs. 

 13-14; Selous, 1914, pi. 2, right-hand fig.; Vaughan-Kirby, 1920, pi. 27; 

 New York Zool. Soc. Bull., vol. 27, p. 146, fig., 1924; Jour. Soc. Preserva- 

 tion Fauna Empire, n. s., pt. 9, frontisp., 1929; Ward, 1935, p. 344, left- 

 hand fig. 



Formerly enjoying an enormous range in South Africa, from 

 Namaqualand to Zululand, and from the Orange River to the Zam- 



