ORDER ARTIODACTYLA: EVEN-TOED UNGULATES 431 



It is a smaller animal than M. m. moschiferus; legs slender and 

 feet small, with much smaller main and lateral hoofs; color strik- 

 ingly rich and dark, with sharp markings ; hair of winter coat much 

 softer and shorter than in moschiferus, only about 35 mm. long on 

 shoulders (Hollister, 1911, p. 1). 



Pere David (1867, p. 29) was perhaps the first to record the Musk 

 Deer from Korea. 



Flerov (1929, p. 517) gives the range of the present subspecies 

 as "Korea, Ussuri land, on the north as far as the mouth of Amour." 

 Sowerby states (1937, p. 253) that it "occurs in Eastern Manchuria, 

 the Ussuri, the Primorsk and Korea." 



Some of the remarks quoted from Schrenck and from Sowerby 

 in the preceding account of M. m. moschiferus apply to the present 

 subspecies. 



Kansu Musk Deer. Moschustier (Ger.) 



MOSCHUS MOSCHIFERUS siFANicus Buchner 



Moschus sifanicus Buchner, Melanges Biol., vol. 13, livr. 1, p. 162, 1891. 



("Southern Kansu," China.) 

 SYNONYM: ? Moschus berezovskii Flerov (1929). 

 FIGS.: Milne Edwards and Milne Edwards, 1868-74, pis. 19 (subsp.?), 20; 



Schafer, 1937, pis. facing pp. 192, 193; Engelmann, 1938, pis. 14-16, figs. 



58, 59, 62. 



This animal somehow manages to survive despite very severe 

 persecution. 



The outer surface of the ear is deep black, with a broad yellowish 

 tip ; inner surface yellowish or rufous ; upper half with a conspicuous 

 blackish border; skull large (Buchner, 1891, pp. 162-163). The 

 general color is uniform yellowish brown; abdomen pale yellowish 

 (Flerov, 1929, p. 518). 



The range extends from Kansu, eastern Tibet, and Yunnan 

 eastward at least as far as Shansi and Honan. A. Milne Edwards 

 (1868-74, p. 176, pi. 19) records a Musk Deer of some subspecies 

 from the mountains near Peking in Chihli ; and others from Tibet and 

 Szechwan. Prejevalsky (1876, vol. 1, p. 261) speaks of Musk Deer 

 in the Ala-shan west and north of the Yellow River. 



"Owing to ceaseless persecution by the Chinese, the Musk Deer 

 has been nearly exterminated in the country [Chino-Tibetan bor- 

 derland] where Mr. Zappey collected. The musk glands are keenly 

 sought and much esteemed by the Chinese. In the mountains of 

 western Szechwan, at Shuowlow, a single male was shot at an alti- 

 tude of 14,000 feet. Although others were seen they were so shy that 

 it was impossible to approach within range." (G. M. Allen, 1912, 

 p. 205.) 



