ORDER ARTIODACTYLA : EVEN-TOED UNGULATES 435 



base for scents, as an aphrodisiac, and, among the rich, for imparting 

 aroma to food. The animal is protected throughout the year and 

 can be trapped only to the extent provided by prescriptive sport- 

 ing rights. 



According to information received from the Government of North 

 West Frontier Province (in litt., December, 1936) , the Musk Deer 

 was formerly fairly common in the higher wooded hills of the Hazara 

 District, but is now very scarce. 



"It is a great pity that these little beasts are so terribly persecuted 

 . . . , for they are most harmless and interesting. How they, with 

 their foolishly confiding ways, have managed to survive at all, is 

 surprising, for they are still fairly common in parts of Kashmir." 

 (Stockley, 1936, p. 160.) 



Family CERVIDAE: Deer 



The deer family is composed of approximately 20 genera and 200 

 species and subspecies. It occurs over the greater part of the earth 

 but is absent from the West Indies, all of Africa except the extreme 

 north, and the Papuan and Australian regions. Dr. Allen (1942) 

 provides accounts of 34 New World forms, and the present volume 

 includes 25 Old World forms. The large proportion of endangered 

 or vanishing species is due chiefly to man's reckless exploitation of 

 these graceful animals for the sake of their flesh, hides, and antlers. 



Hairy-fronted Muntjac 



MUNTIACUS CRINIFRONS (P. L. Sclater) 



Cervulus crinijrons P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1885, p. 1, pi. 1, 



1885. ("Vicinity of Ningpo, China.") 

 FIGS.: Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1885, pi. 1 and p. 2, fig.; Lydekker, 18986, 



pi. 16, fig. 2. 



Known only from three specimens from Chekiang Province, this 

 species must be close to extinction. 



"A large muntjac, ... of a general dark blackish-brown color, 

 including the dorsal surface of the tail, but the head and neck very 

 slightly mixed with ochraceous; forehead, sides of the face, backs of 

 the ears, and the occiput including its well-developed tuft of longer 

 hairs, ochraceous; interramal area, a small mark above each hoof, 

 the edges of the buttocks, the lower side of the tail, and the inguinal 

 area white, the last with a narrow ochraceous border. Antlers 

 short [65 mm.], with a small projection on the inner side at the 

 base." (G. M. Allen, 1930, p. 15.) Height at shoulder, about 24 

 inches; tail, about 9 inches (P. L. Sclater, 1885, p. 2). 



Shortly after Sclater's description of the type, Styan (1886, 

 pp. 267-268) records a female specimen from Ningpo, and adds: 



