438 EXTINCT AND VANISHING MAMMALS 



in Yunnan, the Shan States, and Indo-China. Bentham (1908, 

 p. 89) figures an apparently authentic frontlet and antlers from the 

 Sanda Valley, Yunnan, presented by J. Anderson in 1878. The 

 report from the Shan States (Blanford, 1891, p. 540) is highly 

 indefinite, and that from Indo-China erroneous (Lydekker, 1915, 

 vol. 4, p. 99). Kemp (1918) limits the range to a quadrilateral in 

 Siam between latitude 15 and 17 N. and longitude 101 and 103 

 E. But Guhler changes the boundary of this area to latitude 14 

 and 16 N. and longitude 98 30' and 102 E. Bhicharana (1932) 

 believes that the animal still occurs between the Suphan and the 

 Meklong Rivers, while Stockley (1933) indicates the area about 

 Sayok as "practically our last hope." 



We may safely conclude, from the number of antlers still extant 

 and from the reports of the Siamese, that Schomburgk's Deer was 

 not uncommon toward the end of the past century. It was adapted 

 to open lands with abundant moisture and sparse tree growth. 

 Increasing cultivation of the land, together with the introduction 

 of railroads and irrigation, forced it more and more into thick 

 forests and into a generally unsuitable environment. Thus man 

 has contributed both directly and indirectly to its disappearance. 

 Hitherto in Siam there have been no game laws or game preserves. 

 The antlers of Schomburgk's Deer perhaps fetch a better price with 

 the Chinese than those of the Sambar or the Thamin. 



No one knows whether a few of the present species may still 

 survive in the inaccessible parts of the Suphan district. 



In 1931 total protection was recommended by the Siam Society. 



Kloss (1921, p. 105) quotes Seidenfaden [1920] concerning a 

 tribe of savages who live "on the slopes of the big Pu Kio mountain 

 [between lat. 16 and 17 N. and long. 101 and 102 E.]" and 

 "chase and kill . . . that rare animal, Schomburgk's deer, which is 

 living just in this region." 



Bhicharana reports (1932, p. 312) : 



I used to question some of my old surveyors as to whether they had ever 

 seen animals called sa-man while doing their work up-country twenty-five 

 or more years ago. They told me there were plenty of such deer. . . . The 

 particular area which these surveyors reported as being frequented by this 

 deer was between the Suphan and Menam Noi Rivers. About 1926 I sent 

 men to make inquiry as to whether this deer was still to be found there, but 

 it was reported that all had disappeared, as the people had opened up the 

 bamboo jungle which once existed and converted it into rice fields. 



In 1928 when going up Klong Makam Dhao I ... learned that there 

 was still one Schomburgk deer which the people saw roaming about. ... In 

 1930 I was told that this deer had disappeared. 



Dr. John C. Phillips writes (in Hit., August 10, 1937) : "Arthur 

 Vernay . . . agrees with us that it's extinct, that he made three 

 journeys to Siam for this animal, the first one being in 1920; another 



