ORDER ARTIODACTYLA : EVEN-TOED UNGULATES 447 



restricted area in the mountains of Southern Anhui and closely adjacent North- 

 western Chekiang and South-eastern Kiangsi. Its horns when in velvet fetch 

 a price of several hundred dollars a pair, and consequently it is hunted merci- 

 lessly by local hunters. No protection of any kind is afforded this or any 

 of the foregoing species of deer, and their extermination in the near future is 

 certain. 



Specimens of deer of this type, collected some forty to fifty years ago and 

 now in the Heude Museum ... in Shanghai, show that it ranged all through 

 the Yangtze Valley and Central China, being found in areas where it is now 

 extinct. 



Manchurian Wapiti 



CERVUS ELAPHUS XANTHOPYGUS Milne Edwards 



Cervus Xanthopygus A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 5, zool., vol. 8, 

 p. 376, 1869. ("Environs de Pekin"; later Milne Edwards (1868-74, text 

 to pi. 21) gives "Mantchourie" as the place of origin of the type specimen. 1 ) 



SYNONYMS: Cervus luhdorfi Bolau (1880); C. isubra Noack (1889); C. bed- 

 fordianus Lydekker (1897). 



FIGS.: Milne Edwards, 1868-74, pi. 21; Bolau, Abhandl. Naturwissen. Verein 

 Hamburg, vol. 7, pi. 4, 1880; Noack, Humboldt, vol. 8, p. 13, fig. 5, 

 1889; Lydekker, 1897, pis. 48, 49; Lydekker, 18986, pi. 3; Lydekker, 1901, 

 pp. 71-75, figs. 19-22; Natural History, vol. 20, p. 358, lower fig., 1920. 



This is another of the much persecuted Asiatic deer, which has 

 been exterminated in some parts of its extensive range. The range 

 includes southeastern Siberia, northeastern Mongolia, Manchuria, 

 northern Korea, and northeastern China. 



The Manchurian Wapiti is about the size of a large European 

 Red Deer. The general color in summer is bright reddish brown 

 (duller in older animals) ; in winter it is brownish gray, with darker 

 under parts and a long blackish mane; a large orange rump-patch. 

 Antlers shorter and stouter than in songaricus; tips of fourth and 

 fifth tines in subadult stags curving toward one another; length of 

 antlers on outside curve, 33-43 inches. Height at shoulder, about 

 54 inches. (Lydekker, 1901, pp. 74-75, and 1915, vol. 4, p. 134; 

 Ward, 1935, p. 4.) 



Middendorff (1853, p. 121) extended the range of this Wapiti 

 north to the Stanovoi Mountains, and reported it on the upper 

 tributaries of the Selemja and the Bureya (where formerly it was 

 very common) . 



According to Schrenck (1859, pp. 172-173), it was not less 

 numerous than the Roe on the upper Amur. Here it was of great 

 importance to the natives, not merely for its flesh and its hide (the 

 latter being tanned for use as clothing) ; the horns in the velvet 

 were traded with the Manchus, the Chinese, and the Russians, and 



i Lydekker makes various statements regarding the type locality: "Northern 

 China" (1897, p. 933) ; "Imperial gardens at Pekin" (18986, p. 81) ; "Manchuria" 

 (1901, p. 70); "Northern Manchuria, probably the Usuri district" (1915, vol. 4, 

 p. 134). The Ussuri district is in eastern, rather than northern, Manchuria. 



