ORDER ARTIODACTYLA I EVEN-TOED UNGULATES 457 



Apparently the deer derive considerable protection from the dense 

 cover they affect. In such places as the Sierra Morena shooting is 

 practically confined to "driving" with beaters (Chapman and Buck, 

 1910, p. 158.) 



"The only enemies the full-grown stag has to fear are mankind 

 and the wolf, but chiefly the latter, since not only do single wolves 

 destroy in the sierra large numbers of the newly born calves, but, 

 worse still, when a troop of wolves have once tasted venison they 

 commence habitually to hunt both hinds and even the younger stags, 

 which they persistently follow day after day till the deer are ab- 

 solutely worn out. . . . 



"The calves of red deer ... are also preyed upon by golden 

 eagles." (Chapman and Buck, 1910, p. 156.) 



In 1933 the Spanish Director General de Montes, Pesca y Caza 

 reports that the Red Deer is in danger of disappearing and is worthy 

 of special protection. 



[Cervus elaphus hispanicus was described by Hilzheimer (Archiv 

 fur Rassen- und Gesellschafts-Biologie, 1909, p. 313) on the basis 

 of a skull fragment, with antlers, from an unknown locality in Spain. 

 Cabrera (1911, p. 557; 1914, p. 343) restricts this name to the Red 

 Deer inhabiting the littoral of the Province of Huelva, between the 

 Rio Odiel and the Guadalquivir. Chapman and Buck (1910, pp. 

 43 ff.) describe the hunting of this animal at some length. Ap- 

 parently it was common at that time. No recent information on its 

 numerical status is at hand.] 



North African Red Deer; Barbary Stag 



CERVUS ELAPHUS BARBARUS Bennett 



Cervus barbarus Bennett, List Animals in Gardens Zool. Soc., London, p. 31, 



1887. (North Africa.) 

 FIGS.: Jour. Soc. Preservation Fauna Empire, n. s., pt. 30, pi. facing p. 65, 



1937; Bryden, 1899, p. 512; Fraser, Zoologia Typica, pi. 13, 1849; Ward, 



1935, pi. facing p. 1 (antlers). 



The presence of a Red Deer in northern Africa adds a Palearctic 

 element to its fauna, but the species is at present rapidly declining 

 and is confined to a circumscribed area of forested territory on the 

 Algerian-Tunisian border. 



The Barbary Stag is slightly smaller than the typical Red Deer of 

 southern Sweden, standing about 46 inches in height at the shoulder. 

 The coat usually retains in the adult some trace of white spots in 

 the otherwise dark brown of the body; there is a grayish-brown 

 dorsal stripe, and a rump patch much lighter than the back, without 

 dark anterior border, and including the tail. The antlers are peculiar 

 in usually lacking the bez tine; but they show the cupping of the 



