ORDER ARTIODACTYLA ! EVEN-TOED UNGULATES 469 



adjoining country, and the deer escaped, to be devoured by the 

 famine-stricken peasantry. I fear that none are left; but will make 

 further inquiry when I return to my post next year." 



Although Bushell apparently made no further report, some rem- 

 nants of the species must have survived in China for a time longer. 

 "The Imperial Hunting Park . . . was thrown open in 1900 and all 

 the deer in it killed by the International troops" (Sowerby, 1914, 

 p. 14). On this subject Jean Delacour writes (in litt., 1935) : "The 

 herd in Peking was destroyed in 1900 by the . . . soldiers who 

 were stationed in the park. They shot several hundreds and sold 

 the meat to the Chinese! About 15 years ago, one female still 

 existed in Peking. None since." 



Lydekker writes (1901, pp. 260-261) : "Of late years the Duke 

 of Bedford has been forming a herd at Woburn Abbey, which now 

 (June 1901) includes over twenty head. So far as is known, with 

 the exception of a very few specimens in continental menageries, the 

 Woburn herd comprises all the individuals of this species now 

 surviving." 



Phillips reports (1925, p. 284) that in 1922 the Woburn herd 

 included 47 adults, and that 17 fawns had been born that spring. 

 "The herd seems to be holding its own and the animals look in good 

 condition, and on casual inspection show no ill effects from inbreed- 

 ing, with the possible exception of albinism [in two specimens]." 



According to Jean Delacour (in Hit., 1935), the Woburn herd 

 has now increased to well over 200. 



Scandinavian Reindeer; Lapland Reindeer. Renne (Fr.). 

 Rentier (Ger.). Severnyi Olenj (Russ.) 



RANGIFER TARANDUS TARANDUS (Linnaeus) 



[Cervus] Tarandus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 67, 1758. (Alpine 



region of Swedish Lapland.) 

 FIGS.: Lydekker, 18986, pi. 1; Lydekker, 1901, pi. 1, fig. 5; Wollebaek, 1926, 



p. 45, fig. 16; Jacobi, 1931, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2; Flerov, 1933, p. 330, fig. 2. 



This account is concerned primarily with the wild Scandinavian 

 Reindeer. The domesticated animals of the Lapps, although de- 

 rived from the same stock and bearing the same name, appear to 

 have become somewhat modified through countless generations of 

 domestication (cj. Jacobi, 1931, p. 51). The wild representatives 

 of the present subspecies now appear to be restricted to Norway; 

 the limits of its former range to the eastward are not exactly known. 



The general color is grayish or drab brown above, buffy whitish 

 beneath and on the muzzle; brown of back well distinguished from 

 the whitish neck; a darker longitudinal area on the flanks; tail 

 buffy white, with dark median line; a white ring above the hoofs. 



