524 EXTINCT AND VANISHING MAMMALS 



Already in 1909 partial protection of wild cattle was started. The method 

 used at the time is fully discussed in Koningsberger's "Java Zoologisch en 

 Biologisch [1915]." It was partial protection because the Heads of the 

 Regional Administration had the power to revoke the protection either 

 wholly or in part, but temporarily and under conditions to be specified in each 

 case. This authority is at present somewhat limited, nevertheless better pro- 

 tection is much needed, especially outside of Java. 



A number of Government foresters in various parts of Java have 

 supplied detailed information (in litt., 1937) on the status of the 

 Banteng, but there is space here only for the following summaries 

 of their reports. 



The species occurred over the greater part of Banjoewangi at the 

 beginning of this century and is now found in small numbers in two 

 different areas. From 1933 to 1936 all the forest reserves on the 

 southern coast became wildlife reserves, and in 1937 the forests in 

 North Banjoewangi were to be closed to hunting. But hunters 

 congregate in adjacent areas. It would be advisable to stop all 

 hunting of the Banteng in the whole forest district of Banjoewangi 

 for a ten-year period. The animal does only a little harm, which 

 can be easily prevented. 



In the southern forests of Djolosoetro, Serang, Tambak, Soem- 

 berboto, and South Toeloengagoeng the herds are estimated to con- 

 tain respectively 30, 15, 12, 8, and 15 head. A few have been killed 

 illegally, but the numbers remain unchanged. 



The Banteng's present distribution includes West Java, South 

 Kederi, South Malang, and the former residency of Besoeki. It is 

 rare, and decreases year by year. 



On the south coast of Indramajoe it is still numerous, and a few 

 individuals are left in South Malang and in the northeastern corner 

 of Java. In all its range in West, Middle, and East Java there is a 

 strong decrease. 



In Middle Java there are now only about 100 specimens between 

 Madjenang and Noesakembangan in Tjilatjap. The hunting in 

 Middle Java is forbidden for two years from 1936. 



The number remaining in East Brantas, in the forest reserve in 

 the southern mountains and vicinity, is estimated at about 200. 



In the regency of Garoet the numbers have decreased, but a good 

 many remain, in herds of up to 20 head. 



The last Banteng in the forest district of Ngandjoek is said to 

 have been killed in 1921. 



The species is still quite common in the primitive forest in the 

 Tjampoerdarat district along the south coast. 



In the Banjoemas region the total number remaining is probably 

 200-250. 



In 1920 there were more than 100 animals in the Indramajoe 



